Air Pollution

1 Introduction.- References.- 2 The Investigation Site.- References.- 3 Research Concept and Coordination.- References.- 4 General Outline of the Measuring Station.- References.- 5 Experimental Procedures.- 5.1. Sampling Techniques.- 5.2 Analytical Techniques.- References.- 6 Methodology for the Determination of Atmospheric Deposition and of Fluxes within the Ecosystem Compartments.- 6.1 Basic Considerations on Dry Deposition.- 6.2 Aerosol Measurements.- 6.3 Turbulent Fluxes in the Boundary Layer.- 6.4 Fluxes in the Stand and the Seepage Water.- References.- 7 Trace Elements in Rainwater: Concentrations and Wet Deposition.- 7.1 Concentrations of Dissolved and Particulate Constituents.- 7.2 Wet Deposition.- References.- 8 Deposition of Anions and Cations Via Precipitation.- 8.1 Meteorology and Source-Receptor Relationship.- 8.2 Deposition of SO42-, NO3-, Cl-, F- and NH4+: Mean Values, Temporal Variations and Long-Term Trends.- 8.3 pH Values and H+-Ion Deposition.- References.- 9 Trace Elements in Size-Fractionated Particulates: Concentrations and Dry Deposition into a Forest Ecosystem.- 9.1 Differential Trace Element Concentrations.- 9.2 Dry Deposition of Trace Elements.- References.- 10 Total Deposition of Trace Elements.- References.- 11 Element Supply and Element Fluxes in the Forest Ecosystem Compartments.- 11.1 Element Supply in the Mineral Soil and the Humus Layer.- 11.2 Biomass and Element Content in the Tree Compartments.- 11.3 Balance of Element Fluxes.- References.- 12 Concentrations and Deposition of Gaseous Pollutants: SO2, NO2, NO, NH3 and O3.- 12.1 Gas Concentrations and Weather Conditions.- 12.2 Mean Values, Temporal Variations and Long-Term Trends of the Gas Concentrations.- 12.3 Nocturnal Ozone Maxima.- 12.4 Dry Deposition: Mean Values, Temporal Variations and Long-Term Trends.- 12.5 Deposition Velocities.- References.- 13 Impact of Gaseous Pollutants on the Forest Ecosystem.- 13.1 Interrelations Between the Concentrations of Pollutants and Carbon

Since the early 1980s, scientists and politicians have been concerned with forest decline, which now assumes huge dimensions. The book presents the results of a study which is unique with regard to the extent and accuracy of the analytical methods, and investigates the impact of air pollution on trees.