Animal Acoustic Communication

Chapter 1 Acoustic Signals of Animals: Recording, Field Measurements, Analysis and Description H. C. Gerhardt 1 Introduction 2 Field Recordings and Measurements 2.1 Equipment 2.2 On-Site Measurements 2.3 Signal Amplitude, Directionality, and Background Noise Levels 2.4 Patterns of Sound Propagation in Natural Habitats 3 Laboratory Analysis of Animal Sounds 3.1 Terminology 3.2 Temporal and Spectral Analysis: Some General Principles 4 Examples of Descriptions and Analyses 4.1 Temporal Properties of Pulsatile Calls 4.2 Amplitude-Time Envelopes 4.3 Relationships between Fine-Scale Temporal and Spectral Properties 4.4 Spectrally Complex Calls 5 Summary References.- Chapter 2 Digital Signal Acquisition and Representation M. Clements 1 Introduction 2 Digital Signal Processing 2.1 Major Applications of DSP 2.2 Definition of Digital Systems 2.3 Difference Equations 3 Digital Filter Frequency Response 3.1 Unit-Sample Response Characterization 3.2 Frequency-Domain Interpretation of Systems 3.3 Frequency-Domain Interpretation of Signals 4 Conversion Between Analog and Digital Data Forms 4.1 The Sampling Theorem 4.2 Signal Recovery by Filtering 4.3 Fourier Transform Relations 4.4 Effects of Sampling Rates 4.5 Reconstruction 5 Fundamental Digital Processing Techniques 5.1 Power Spectra 5.2 Time and Frequency Resolution 5.3 Windows 5.4 Spectral Smoothing 5.5 The Discrete Fourier Transform 5.6 Correlation 5.7 Autocorrelation 5.8 Cross-correlation 5.9 Spectrograms 6 An Intoduction to Some Advanced Topics 6.1 Digital Filtering 6.2 Linear Prediction 6.3 Homomorphic Analysis 7 Summary.- Chapter 3 Digital Signal Analysis, Editing, and Synthesis K. Beeman 1 Introduction 2 Temporal and Spectral Measurements 3 Time-Varying Amplitude Analysis 3.1 Amplitude Envelopes 3.2 Gate Functions 4 Spectral Analysis 4.1 Power Spectrum Features 4.2 Measuring Similarity Among Power Spectra 4.3 Other Spectral Analysis Techniques 5 Spectrographic Analysis 5.1 Spectrogram Generation 5.2 Spectrogram Display