Arsenic & Rice

Acknowledgements.- Abbreviations;
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Arsenic exposure from rice.- 1.2 Historical context.- 1.3 Biogeochemistry of paddy soils.- 1.4 Plant Physiology.- 1.5 Summary.- References
Chapter 2:  Arsenic in rice grain
2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Quantification of arsenic in rice grain.- 2.3 Arsenic speciation in rice grain.- 2.4 Total grain arsenic.- 2.5 Rice products.- References
Chapter 3: Risk from arsenic in rice grain
 3.1 Rice consumption.- 3.2 Studies on the total intake of inorganic arsenic.- 3.3 Problems with ignoring rice when looking at dietary intake of arsenic.- 3.4 The effects of cooking rice on its arsenic content.- 3.5 Human bioavailability of arsenic in rice.- 3.6 Risk assessment from arsenic in rice.- 3.7 Food arsenic standards.- 3.8 Limiting arsenic exposure to rice.- References
Chapter 4: Sources and losses of arsenic to paddy fields
4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Sources of arsenic to paddy ecosystems.- 4.3 Paddy field arsenic cycling in a wider hydrological context.- References
Chapter 5: Biogeochemistry of arsenic in paddy environments
5.1 Overview of the biogeochemistry of paddy soil.- 5.2 Arsenic transformations in paddy soil.- 5.3 Impact of groundwater irrigation on arsenic dynamics in paddy fields.- References
Chapter 6: The physiology of arsenic in rice
6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Mechanisms of arsenic uptake by roots.- 6.3 Transformation of arsenic species in plant.- 6.4 Arsenic sequestration in plant.- 6.5 Long-distance transport and unloading of arsenic to rice grain.- 6.6 Arsenic toxicity and straighthead disease.- References
Chapter 7: Strategies for producing low arsenic rice
7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Paddy field water management.- 7.3 Cultivar selection and breeding low arsenic rice.- 7.4 Fertilization and soil amendments.- References
Chapter 8: Arsenic in other crops
8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Wheat.- 8.3 Maize.- 8.4 Potato.- 8.5 Pulses.- 8.6 Vegetables.- 8.7 Fruits.- References