Challenges and Opportunities of mRNA Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2

Chapter 1: Introduction.- Part I: Scientifi Underpinnings, early expectations, and emerging challenges from the global inoculation experience.- Chapter 2: Appraisal of Some of the Key Postulates Underlying mRNA Vaccines.- Chapter 3: Relevance for mRNA vaccine safety.- Chapter 4: From Challenges to Opportunities and Open Questions.- Chapter 5: The challenge of evaluating vaccine safety and effectiveness.- Chapter 6: Safeguarding against the analog of antimicrobial-resistance development.- Chapter 7: Scales, pseudoscales, the human factor, and a way forward.- Part II: A deeper dive into mRNA vaccine safety and security, and developments until Delta.- Chapter 8: mRNA Vaccine safety and efficacy - official criteria when AEs are caused by the injection.- Chapter 9: mRNA Covid-19 vaccines best reflect effective pharmaceuticals - basic considerations and LNPs.- Chapter 10: mRNA Covid-19 pharmaceuticals and the spike antigen.- Chapter 11: Other facets of SARS-CoV-2 immunity, the risk of immune tolerance and T cell exhaustion.- Part III: The Omicron variants.- Chapter 12: Omicron.- Chapter 13: Conclusion.

Siguna Mueller spent the first 20 years of her academic career in mathematics (M.S. in Mathematics and Statistics and Ph.D. in Mathematics, University of Klagenfurt, Austria, both summa cum laude). She was among the first women in Austria to receive the Habilitation in Discrete Mathematics and Cryptography (2002). The following 15 years she spent as a Research Associate at the Centre for Information Security and Cryptography Research, University of Calgary, and as an Assistant Professor at the University of Wyoming. A lifelong passion for biology and medicine eventually triggered her decision to radically expand her field of expertise. Consequently, she earned her second Ph.D. (Biomedical Sciences) in 2014 at the University of Wyoming (with a GPA of 4.0). Since then she has been utilizing her experience in the theoretical fields to help advance a broader appreciation and comprehension of phenomena and challenges arising in the biological and life science domains. For almost ten years, she has been warning of new Biosafety and Public Health dangers, but for years was ignored. Only recently, her concerns about new safety/security challenges in synthetic biology have been supported by others, and she has become one of the leaders in the new field of cyberbiosecurity. Her interests and curiosities are not limited to the above-mentioned disciplines as she finds great excitement in physics, theology, philosophy, ethics, spirituality, and the complexity and fascination of nature altogether. As such, it has been natural for her, employing her multi-disciplinary experience, to appraise the new Covid-19 vaccines, through rigorous, balanced, and scientific logic.