Current Review of Minimally Invasive Surgery

Background.- Experimental Development.- Clinical Application.- 13 Minimally Invasive Vascular Surgery.- Required Equipment and Operating Room Set-up.- Techniques to Obtain Vascular Access.- Endovascular Repair of Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease.- Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms.- Endovascular Repair of Iliac Aneurysms.- Discussion.- 14 Minimally Invasive Techniques in Pediatric Surgery.- General Considerations.- Procedures.- Specific Pediatric Concerns.- 15 Thoracoscopy and Video-assisted Thoracic Surgery.- General Principles.- Lung Disease.- Pericardial and Pleural Effusions.- Mediastinal Diseases.- Esophageal Disease.- Diaphragm.- Expanding Indications.- 16 Laparoscopy for Urologie Conditions.- Laparoscopic Varicocelectomy.- Laparoscopic Pelvic Lymphadenectomy.- Laparoscopic Nephrectomy.- Laparoscopic Pediatrie Urology.- Laparoscopic Retroperitoneal Node Dissection.- Laparoscopic Management of Lymphoceles.- Laparoscopic Ureterolysis.- Laparoscopic Ureteral Reimplant.- Laparoscopic Diverticulectomy.- Laparoscopic Cystectomy.- Laparoscopic lleal Conduit.- Laparoscopic Bladder Neck Suspension.- Retroperitoneal Approach to Urologie Disease.- Gasless Technique.- Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy.- 17 Physiologic Changes Occurring During Laparoscopy, Including Port Site Implantation.- History.- Observed Physiologic Changes.- Extraperitoneal Insufflation.- Selection of Insufflation Gas.- Port Site Implantation.- Detrimental Effects of Laparoscopy.- Laparoscopic Surgery in Pregnancy.- Benefits of Laparoscopy.- 18 Suturing and Tissue Approximation.- Training.- Prerequisites of Endoscopic Hand Suturing.- Instrumentation.- The Future of Laparoscopic Suturing and Tissue Approximation.- 19 Gasless Laparoscopy.- The Development of Gasless Laparoscopy.- Instruments Used in Gasless Laparoscopy.- Rationale for Gasless Laparoscopy.- General Technique.- Gynecologic Applications.- Extraperitoneal Gasless Endoscopy.- Preperitoneal Procedures.- Retroperitoneal Procedures.- Future Developments in Gasless Laparoscopy.- 20 Virtual Reality for Image-guided Surgery.- Disease Diagnosis.- Treatment Monitoring.- Multimodality Information Integration.- Augmented Intraoperative Visualization.- Instrument Tracking.- Intraoperative Guidance.- Computer-based Image Guidance.- Surgical Planning and Simulation.- Intraoperative Image Guidance Using Preoperative Images.- Intraoperative Image Guidance Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging.- Monitoring and Control of Magnetic Resonance-guided Ablation Therapy with Interventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging.- Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Open Surgeries.- Virtual Endoscopy.- 21 Medicolegal Perspectives on Laparoscopic Surgery.- Overview of Laparoscopic Litigation.- Laparoscopic Technology and Medical Liability.