Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Counseling

Settings.- Specific Focus Agencies.- Consulting and Coaching.- Private Practice.- Cybercounseling.- Overview of Opportunities.- The Mental Health Service Providers.- The Mental Health Treatment Team.- The Mental Health Treatment Specialists.- 3. Diagnostic Systems and Their Use.- The Importance of Diagnosis.- Benefits of Diagnosis.- Controversies and Limitations.- Maximizing the Benefits of Diagnoses.- Diagnostic Systems.- Development of the DSM.- Definition of a Mental Disorder.- Multiaxial Assessment.- Example of a Multiaxial Assessment.- The 17 Diagnostic Categories.- Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence.- Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, and Other Cognitive Disorders.- Mental Disorders Due to a General Medical Condition.- Substance-Related Disorders.- Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders.- Mood Disorders.- Anxiety Disorders.- Somatoform Disorders.- Factitious Disorders.- Dissociative Disorders.- Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders.- Eating Disorders.- Sleep Disorders.- Impulse-Control Disorders Not Elsewhere Classified.- Adjustment Disorders.- Personality Disorders.- Other Conditions That May Be A Focus of Clinical Attention.- Additional Codes.- Making a Diagnosis.- Decision Trees.- Key Questions for Diagnosis.- Supplements to the DSM.- Cases for Diagnosis.- Diagnosis of Cases.- 4. The Use of Assessment in Diagnosis and Treatment Planning.- Overview of the Assessment Process.- Historical Overview of Assessment.- Conducting an Effective Assessment.- Benefits of Assessment.- Areas of Assessment.- Setting the Stage for Assessment.- Planning the Assessment.- Formulating Assessment Questions.- Selection of Inventories.- Preparing People for an Assessment.- Tools of Assessment.- Qualitative Approaches.- Nonstandardized Quantitative Approaches.- Standardized Quantitative Approaches.- Types of Inventories.- Measures of Ability.- Interest Inventories.- Personality Inventories.- Projective Personality Tests.- Other Sources of Assessment.- Frameworks for Understanding People.- Developmental Framework.- Multicultural Frameworks.- Psychological Frameworks: Strengths and Difficulties.- Medical and Neurological Frameworks.- Individualized Frameworks.- Process of Analysis and Interpretation.- Questions to Guide the Process.- Guidelines for Interpretation.- Examples of Frameworks for Interpretation.- Testing Framework.- Multiçultural Framework.- Developmental Framework.- Diagnostic Framework.- Defensiveness Framework.- Discussion.- 5. Intake Interviews and Their Role in Diagnosis and Treatment Planning.- Purpose of the Intake Interview.- Overview of the Intake Process.- Intake Personnel.- Information Gathering.- Depth and Duration of Intake Process.- Nature of Client.- Relationship of Intake Process to Treatment.- Conducting an Intake Interview.- Interventions.- Sequence of Topics in an Initial Interview.- Recording Information.- Concluding the Intake Interview.- The Comprehensive Intake Interview.- Mental Status Examination.- Outline of an Extended Intake Interview.- Transcript of Extended Interview.- Nature of an Intake Report.- Report of Intake Interview.- The Brief Intake Interview.- Examples of Brief Intake Interview Reports and Information Forms.- Making the Transition from Intake to Treatment.- 6. The Nature and Importance of Treatment Planning.- Importance of Treatment Planning.- Suitability for Counseling.- Motivation.- Characteristics of the Client.- Nature of the Problem.- Model for Treatment Planning.- Diagnosis.- Objectives of Treatment.- Assessment.- Clinician.- Location.- Interventions.- Emphasis.- Number of People.- Individual Counseling.- Group Counseling.- Family Counseling.- Timing.- Length of Sessions.- Frequency of Counseling.- Duration of Counseling.- Pacing and Sequencing.- Medication.- Deciding Whether to Refer for Medication.- Adjunct Services.- Prognosis.- 7. Theories and Strategies of Individual Counseling.- Effectiveness of Counseling.- Psychodynamic Psychotherapy.- Description of Approach.- Application to Clients.- Individual Psychology/Adlerian Counseling.- Description of Approach.- Application to Clients.- Person-Centered Counseling.- Description of Approach.- Application to Clients.- Gestalt Counseling.- Description of Approach.- Application to Clients.- Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy.- Description of Approach.- Application to Clients.- Cognitive Therapy.- Description of Approach.- Application to Clients.- Behavior Therapy.- Description of Approach.- Application to Clients.- Reality Therapy/Choice Therapy.- Description of Approach.- Application to Clients.- Solution-Focused Brief Therapy.- Description of Approach.- Application to Clients.- Eclectic and Integrated Models of Counseling.- Multimodal Behavior Therapy.- Developmental Counseling and Therapy.- Thinking-Feeling-Acting Model.- Adaptive Counseling and Therapy/Readiness Model.- Stages-of-Change Models.- Other Models of Treatment.- Existential Therapy.- Transpersonal Counseling.- Postmodern, Constructivist, and Multicultural Approaches to Counseling.- Motivational Interviewing.- Power and Energy Therapies.- Additional Models.- Sample Treatment Plans.- Case 1-Maria Sanchez.- Case 2-Marty Leone.- Sample Cases.- 8. Diagnosis and Treatment Planning for Families.- Importance of Family Counseling.- Historical Development.- Assessment of Family Functioning.- Presenting Problem.- Transgenerational Family History.- Family Life Cycle.- Family Structure.- Communication and Interaction Styles.- Family Rules, Roles, and Values.- Ethnic, Cultural, Spiritual, and Socioeconomic Background.- Differentiation of Self.- Significant Physical and Mental Conditions.- External Sources of Stress and Support.- Dynamics of Symptom Maintenance.- Strengths.- Special Circumstances.- Structured Assessment of Couples and Families.- Treatment Planning for Families.- Theories of Family Counseling.- Transgenerational/Systems Family Therapy.- Experiential/Humanistic/Communications Approach.- Structural Family Therapy.- Cognitive Behavioral Family Counseling.- Adlerian Family Counseling.- Strategic Family Therapy.- Solution-Focused Brief Family Therapy.- Constructivist and Narrative Approaches to Family Counseling.- Other Models of Family Counseling.- Milan Systemic Family Therapy.- Psychodynamic Family Counseling.- Examples of Treatment Plans for Families.- Treatment Plan for the Schwartz Family.- Cases for Treatment Planning.- 9. Assessment and Treatment Planning for Groups.- The Use of Groups in Counseling.- Historical Development of Group Counseling.- Skills of the Group Counselor.- Initiating the Counseling Group.- Illustrative Case Study.- Importance of Motivation.- Group Environment.- Group Development.- Group Dynamics.- Planning the Treatment.- Diagnosis.- Objectives.- Assessment.- Clinician.- Location.- Interventions.- Emphasis.- Numbers.- Timing.- Medication.- Adjunct Services.- Prognosis.- Evaluation.- Treatment Models for Group Counseling.- Models Commonly Used in Both Individual and Group Counseling.- Models Used Primarily in Group Settings.- Group Counseling in Context.- Roles and Styles of the Group Counselor.- The Counselor as Fund-Raiser.- The Counselor as Mediator.- The Counselor as Teacher/Trainer.- The Counselor as Human Resource Specialist.- The Counselor as Supervisor.- Overview of Group Counseling.- Cases for Diagnosis and Treatment Planning.- 10. Counseling For Career and Organizational Development.- Overview of Chapter.- to Career Development Counseling.- to Organizational Development.- Career Development.- History of Career Development Research, Theory, and Practice.- Factors Enhancing Development of the Field.- Career Development and Context.- Career Concerns and Context.- Career Counseling Skills.- Theories of Career Counseling and Development.- Trait and Factor Theory.- Personal Environment Correspondence Theory.- Holland's Typology.- Life-Span Life-Space Theory.- Circumscription and Compromise Theory.- Decision-Making Theory.- Theoretical Concepts of the Process of Career Decision-Making.- Hansen's Integrative Life Planning.- Cognitive Information Processing Perspective.- Values-Based Theory.- Learning Theory of Career Counseling.- Social-Cognitive Theories.- Other Relevant Theories.- Career Counseling with Diverse Clients.- Professional Development and Settings for Career Counseling.- Organizational Development.- History of Organizational Development.- Theories of Organizational Development.- Organizational Development and Counseling.- The Organizational Development Process.- The Intervention Process.- Evaluation.- Case Illustration in Organizational Development.- Kick-Off and Assessment.- Intervention.- Evaluation and Follow-up.- Conclusion.- Case Illustration of Career Development Counseling.- Planning the Treatment.- 11. Documentation, Report Writing, and Record Keeping in Counseling.- Importance of Written Records.- Assessment Referrals and Reports.- Referral for Assessment.- The Assessment Process.- Psychological Assessment by a Counselor.- Consent to Treatment Form.- Sample Consent to Treatment Form.- Intake Questionnaires.- Safe-Keeping Contracts.- Sample Safe-Keeping Contract.- Release of Information.- Example of Release of Information.- Progress Notes.- Evaluation of Counseling Effectiveness.- Informal Evaluations.- Structured Interim Progress Reports.- Transfer Summary.- Case Conferences.- Closing Reports.- Follow-Up Evaluations.- 12. Ethical and Professional Development for Counselors.- The Importance of Ethical and Professional Development.- The Importance of Ethical Standards and Practice.- General Ethical Principles.- Overview of ACA Code of Ethics and Standards of Practice.- The Counseling Relationship.- Confidentiality.- Professional Responsibility.- Relationships with Other Professionals.- Evaluation, Assessment, and Interpretation.- Teaching, Training, and Supervision.- Research and Publication.- Resolving Ethical Issues.- Ethical Decision-Making.- Application of Ethical Decision-Making Model.- Cases for Ethical Decision-Making.- Professional Development.- Developing Awareness of Your Strengths and Limitations.- Clarifying Your Professional Interests and Goals.- Expanding Your Knowledge Base and Conceptual Skills.- Earning Professional Degrees and Certifications.- Joining and Participating in Professional Associations.- Obtaining Employment as a Counselor.- Criteria for Rewarding Internships and Employment.- Selecting Supervisors and Obtaining Supervision.- Becoming Credentialed in Your Profession.- Credentialing Examinations.- Preparing for Credentialing Examinations.- Continuing Your Education and Development as a Counselor.- Your Personal Professional Development Plan.- 13. Future Trends and Predictions in Counseling.- Three Editions of Predictions.- 1986 Predictions.- 1996 Predictions.- Current Predictions.- The Evolving Role of the Counselor.- Opportunities for the Mental Health Counselor.- Diagnostic Systems and Their Use.- The Use of Assessment in Diagnosis and Treatment Planning.- Intake Interviews and Their Role in Diagnosis and Treatment Planning.- The Nature and Importance of Treatment Planning.- Theories and Strategies of Individual Counseling.- Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment Planning for Families.- Assessment and Treatment Planning for Groups.- Counseling for Career and Organizational Development.- Documentation, Report Writing, and Record Keeping in Counseling.- The Importance of Ethical and Professional Development.- Conclusion.- References.- Table A2. Guide to Using the Tables to Make Diagnoses.- Table A3. Using the Key Questions to Make a Diagnosis.- A3I. Disorders Characterized by Depressed or Elevated Mood.- A3II. Disorders Characterized by Maladaptive Behavior, Impulsivity.- A3IIa. Disorders First Evident in Early Years.- A3IIb. Sexual Problems.- A3IIc. Eating Problems.- A3IId. Sleeping Problems.- A3IIe. Problems ofImpulse Control.- A3III. Disorders Characterized by Anxiety, not Primarily in Response to Physical Complaints.- A3IV. Disorders Generally Characterized by Medically Unverified Physical Complaints.- A3V. Disorders Characterized by Psychosis.- A3VI. Disorders Characterized by Long-Standing, Pervasive Dysfunction.- A3VII. Disorders Characterized by Cognitive/Memory Impairment or Dissociation.