Eukaryotism and Symbiosis

Cyanoplasts of Cyanophora paradoxa Store Carbon, Nitrogen, and Sulfur for the Whole Cell.- 1.5 Molecular evolution.- Hypercycles in Biological Systems.- Evolutionary Optimization of Enzymes and Metabolic Systems.- The Endocytobiological Concept of Evolution: A Unified Model.- Giglio-Tos and Pierantoni: A General Theory of Symbiosis that Still Works.- IISymbiotic Systems Adaptation, Signal,Transduction,Taxonomy and Evolution.- 2.1 Molecular Approach to Taxonomy of Endocytobionts.- Progress in the Studies of Endosymbiotic Algae from Larger Foraminifera.- Phytogeny Reconstruction Based on Molecular Property Patterns.- 2.2 Endocytobionts in Protists and Invertebrates.- Symbiosis and Macromolecules.- Acidification in Digestive Vacuoles Is an Early Event Required for Holospora Infection of Paramecium Nucleus.- Monoclonal Antibody Specific for Activated Form of Holospora obtusa, a Macronucleus-Specific Bacterium of Paramecium caudatum.- Interactions of Host Paramecia with Infectious Holospora Endocytobionts.- Appearance of Viable Bacteria in Acanthamoeba royreba After Amoebic Exposure to Megarad Doses of Gamma Radiation.- Endosymbiosis of Sogatodes orizicola (Muir: Insecta) with Yeast-like Symbionts.- A Chaperonin-Like Protein in the Principal Endocytobiotes of the Weevil Sitophilus.- 2.3 Symbiotic Plant Microbe/Fungus Interactions.- Host Signals Dictating Growth Direction, Morphogenesis and Differentiation in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbionts.- Role of Fungal Wall Components in Interactions Between Endomycorrhizal Symbionts.- Control of Elicitor-Induced Reactions in Spruce Cells by Auxin and by Enzymatic Elicitor Degradation.- A Novel IS Element is Present in Repeated Copies Among the Nodulation Genes of Rhizobium ´hedysari´.- Effect of Drought Stress on Carbohydrate Metabolism in Nodules of Lupinus angustifolius.- Creation of Artificial Symbiosis Between Azotobacter and Higher Plants.- 2.4 Intra- and Extracellular Interactions Between Phycobionts and Mycobionts.- News on Geosiphon pyriforme, an Endocytobiotic Consortium of a Fungus with a Cyanobacterium.- Isoforms of Arginase in the Lichens Evernia prunastri and Xanthoria parietina: Physiological Roles and Their Implication in the Controlled Parasitism of the Mycobiont.- Comparison Between Recent-Isolated and Cultured Populations of Phycobionts from Xanthoria parietina (L.).- Presence and Identification of Polyamines and Their Conjugation to Phenolics in Some Epiphytic Lichens.- 2.5 Vertebrate Evolution and Medical Significans.- Intestinal Methanogens and Vertebrate Evolution: Symbiotic Archea are Key Organisms in the Differentiation of the Digestive Tract.- Pleomorphic Bacterial Intracytoplasmic Bodies: Basic Biology and Medical Significance.- List of Authors and Participants.- Photograph of Many of the Participants (by W. Schwemmler).