Multinationals in the New Europe and Global Trade

Foreign Direct Investment.- 3.1 The Legal and Institutional Framework.- 3.2 The Economic Environment of Foreign Direct Investment.- 3.3 Size of the Potential Market.- 4. Some Critical Areas and Attitudes.- 4.1 Treatment of Foreign Versus Domestic Investments.- 4.2 Adverse Impacts on the Balance of Payments?.- 4.3 Potential Markets: Industrialized World, USSR or Both?.- 4.4 Is Growing Dependence on FDI Dangerous?.- 5. Prospects and Tasks Ahead.- 5.1 Growing Interest in Central and Eastern Europe.- 5.2 Differentiated Approaches.- 5.2.1 Location Choices.- 5.2.2 Behavior of Potential Investors.- 5.3 Main Tasks Ahead.- 5.3.1 Tasks of the Host Countries.- 5.3.2 Western Contribution.- 5.4 The Political Scope.- Comments.- F. German Multinationals in Europe: Patterns and Perspectives.- 1. Introduction.- 2. German Multinational Enterprises: A Macro-Economic View.- 3. Regional Orientation of German FDI.- 4. German FDI by Industries.- 5. Case Studies: Daimler Benz and BASF.- 5.1 Globalization Strategies.- 5.2 Correlation between German FDI and International Turnover of DB and BASF.- 6. Internationalization of the Ruhr Region.- 7. Perspectives.- Comments.- G. The Effects of Integration on the Structure of Multinational Corporation Activity in the EC.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Technological and Organizational Advantages of Japanese Firms as a Determinant of their Involvement in Europe.- 3. The Likely Effects of Japanese Inward Direct Investment Post 1992.- 4. The Reorganization of MNC Activity within Europe.- 5. The Determinants of MNC Rationalization in the EC.- 6. The Industrial Impact of the Reorganization of Technological and Other Activity by MNCs in the EC.- 7. Third World MNCs in Europe.- Comments.- H. Japanese Multinationals in Europe and the United States: Some Comparisons and Contrasts.- 1. Introduction.- 2. A Theoretical Digression.- 3. The Role of Foreign Direct Investment by Japan Prior to the 1980s: A Brief Overview.- 4. Key FDI Strategies in Europe and the United States: Comparisons and Contrasts.- 4.1 1980-1984: Defending Current and Future Export Markets.- 4.2 Location Advantages in the United States and Europe.- 4.3 Summary and Conclusions: Why the Trade-Sustaining Investments of the Early 1980s were Unsustainable after 1985.- 5. 1985-1988: Transferring Existing O Advantages to Foreign Territories.- 5.1 Variables Triggering the Change.- 5.2 The Nature of the Changes: Same Sectors, Different Structures.- 5.3 Japanese O Advantages in Automobiles: A Brief Case Study.- 5.4 Moving Japanese O and I Advantages to the Foreign Marketplace.- 6. 1989 and Beyond: Creating New O Advantages as Regional Insiders.- 6.1 1988-1989: Europe Takes the Lead.- 6.2 Exploiting the L Advantages of Regional Markets.- 6.3 Exploiting the O Advantages of Local Firms.- 7. Conclusions - after 1990: Rising O Advantages of Japanese Multinationals, Falling L Advantages of Japan?.- Comments.