Nonlinear Physical Oceanography

Preface Acknowledgments 1. Introduction1.1 Past Climate Variability1.2 The Present Ocean Circulation1.3 Present Climate Variability1.4 Physics of Climate Variability1.5 Exercises on Chapter 1 2. Background Material2.1 Basic Equations2.2 Vorticity Transport2.3 Potential Vorticity2.4 Stability 2.5 Exercises on Chapter 2 3. A Dynamical Systems Point of View3.1 An Elementary Problem3.2 Dynamical Systems: Fixed Points3.3 Periodic Solutions and their Stability3.4 Bifurcations of Periodic Orbits3.5 Global Bifurcations3.6 Synchronization Phenomena3.7 Physics of Bifurcation Behavior3.8 Exercises on Chapter 3 4. Numerical Techniques4.1 A Prototype Problem4.2 Computation of Steady Solutions4.3 Detection and Switching4.4 Linear Stability Problem4.5 Implicit Time Integration4.6 Linear System Solvers: Direct Methods4.7 Linear System Solvers: Iterative Methods4.8 Application to the Prototype Problem4.9 Exercises on Chapter 4 5. The Wind-driven Ocean Circulation5.1 Phenomena5.2 Models of the Midlatitude Ocean Circulation5.3 Shallow-water and Quasi-geostrophic Models5.4 Classical Results5.5 Bifurcations of flows in Quasi-geostrophic Models5.6 Bifurcations of flows in Shallow-water Models5.7 Effects of Continental Geometry5.8 High-resolution OGCMs5.9 Observations5.10 Synthesis5.11 Exercises on Chapter 5 6. The Thermohaline Ocean Circulation6.1 Low-frequency North Atlantic Climate Variability 6.2 Potential Mechanisms6.3 Two-dimensional Boussinesq Models6.4 Diffusive Thermohaline Flows6.5 Convective Thermohaline Flows6.6 Zonally Averaged Ocean Models6.7 Three-dimensional Ocean Models6.8 Coupled Ocean-atmosphere Models6.9 Synthesis 6.10 Exercises on Chapter 6 7. The Dynamics and Physics of ENSO7.1 Basic Phenomena7.2 Models of the Equatorial Ocean7.3 Physics of Ocean-Atmosphere Coupling7.4 The Zebiak-Cane Model7.5 Towards the Delayed Oscillator7.6 Coupled Processes and the Annual Mean State7.7 Unifying Mean State and Variability7.8 Presence of the Seasonal Cycle7.9 ENSOin Coupled General

Henk A. Dijkstra is Full Professor for Physical Oceanography at Colorado State University, Fort Collins. After graduating in applied mathematics at the University of Groningen in 1984, he worked on his Ph.D. in Groningen on a Spacelab experiment and on Marangoni convection under microgravity conditions. He continued this research in chemical engineering at Cornell University. In 1990 he started working on physical oceanography and became Assistant Professor at Utrecht University, in 1996 an Associate Professor and in 2001 a Full Professor there. Henk Dijkstra has developed, consequently, the nonlinear dynamical systems approach to oceanography. Mainly to emphasize that he first computed explicit bifurcation diagram for a global ocean circulation model and explained the structure of equilibria for a hierarchy of models going from a single-hemispheric to the global configuration. He discovered the multidecadal mode in single-hemispheric thermohaline flows and explained its relevance in the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. He demonstrated the existence of steady separation patterns in northern hemispheric western boundary currents and explained the subannual variability through barotropic destabilization of these states. He first analysed the stability of the double-gyre wind driven flows in quasi-geostrophic one- and two-layer models and demonstrated its relevance with respect to low-frequency variability of the ocean gyres.

He became member of the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences and Arts in 2002. He has published more than 100 papers and a book on Nonlinear Physical Oceanography in 2000. He has organized for several years a session at EGS/EGU meetings on this topic.

Wendy Welch Orlando (Northwest Research Associates, Inc.) in SIAM Vol. 44, No. 1, 2002 on the book's first edition:"An old distinction comes to mind when considering Henk Dijkstra's satisfying new book on nonlinear physical oceanography: While many texts convey knowledge to the reader, this is a rare example of one which imparts some wisdom. (...) In summary, this text is different from most others in that it combines several different disciplines and drwas on many scientific studies in order to deduce mechanisms of ocean circulation. As it therefore cannot be substituted, and as it meets its unique goals with clarity and thoroughness, it has merited this enthusiastic review".Several additional reviews on the first edition available, excerpts on the book's homepage on springeronline.From the reviews of the second edition:"This book ... falls into the broad category of advanced graduate text cum research monograph. It does more than most books in this category to actually serve as a text ... . The presentation of the book is excellent and includes a nice selection of color plates at the end ... . The book clearly belongs on the shelf or in the departmental library of any serious physical oceanographer and is highly recommended for applied and computational mathematicians ... ." (Michael Ghil, Geophysical and Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics, Vol. 102 (3), June, 2008)