Techniques in Animal Cytogenetics

I Preparation of Chromosome Spreads.- I.1 Cell culture techniques.- I.2 Preparation of chromosomes in prophase or prometaphase.- I.3 Direct techniques and very short term development cultures.- I.4 Preparation of chromosome spreads.- I.5 Staining techniques of chromosome spreads.- II Chromosome Banding Techniques.- II. 1 Introduction.- II.2 Techniques based on DNA structure.- II.3 Banding techniques based on DNA replication.- II.4 Techniques of chromosome differentiation based on DNA base composition.- II.5 Heterochromatin staining.- II.6 Staining of nucleolar organiser regions NOR.- II.7 Techniques of sequential banding.- III In Situ Hybridisation Techniques.- III.1 Introduction.- III.2 Methods.- III.3 Remarks on other applications of in situ hybridization.- IV Methods of Germ Cells Study.- IV.1 Meiosis in male.- IV.2 Meiosis in the mammalian female.- IV.3 Study of the spermatozoa by interspecific in vitro fertilisation (insemination).- V The Lampbrush Chromosomes of Amphibians.- V.1Introduction: The basis of lampbrush chromosomes mapping.- V.2 Technique for the preparation of lampbrush chromosomes for light microscopy.- V.3 Preparation of lampbrush chromosomes for electron microscopy.- V.4 Preparation of mitotic chromosomes.- V.5 Analysis of lampbrush chromosomes.- V.6 The importance of the lampbrush chromosomes.- VI Techniques for the study of Drosophila Chromosomes.- VI.1 Mitotic chromosomes.- VI.2 Polythene chromosomes.- VII Techniques for the stuey of Interphase Nucleus.- VII.1 Sex chromatin examination.- VII.2 Released chromatin (Chromatin halo).- VII.3 In situ hybridisation of interphasic nuclei.- VIII Application of Flow Cytometry and Slit-Scan Fluorometry in Analysis and Sorting of Mammalian Chromosomes.- VIII.1 Introduction.- VIII.2 Principles of the flow cytometry.- VIII.3 Methods of chromosome preparation and staining.- VIII.4 Measurements and evaluation in flow cytometry.- VIII.5 In situ hybridisation to chromosomes in suspension.- S Solutions for