Therapeutic Hemorheology

Therapeutic Hemorheology.- 3.3.1 Short Historic Review of Therapeutic Hemorheology.- 3.3.2 Theoretically Plausible Modes of Action for Hemorheologic Therapy.- 3.3.3 Relevance of In Vitro-Experiments, Animal Experiments, and Studies with Healthy Individuals Using Rheologically Active Substances.- 3.3.4 Remarks on the Most Common Methods of Measuring a Hemorheologicotherapeutic Effect.- 3.3.5 Dependence of Hemorheologic Parameters on Blood Sampling.- 3.3.6 Pathophysiologic Validity of Various Subparameters of the Flow Properties of Blood.- 3.3.7 Evaluation of Hemorheologic Data Obtained from Patients During Treatment.- 3.3.7.1 General Remarks.- 3.3.7.2 Examples of the Discrepancy of Hemorheologicotherapeutic Measures on the One Hand and the Clinical Effect or Efficacy on the Other Hand.- 3.3.7.3 Exceptional Features of Hemodilution.- 3.3.7.3.1 Optimal Hematocrit.- 3.3.7.3.2 Maldistribution due to Hemodilution Using Human Albumin Infusions.- 3.3.7.4 Conclusions.- 3.3.8 Indications for Therapy with Rheologically Active Measures.- 3.3.9 Aim of Therapeutic Hemorheology and Verification of the Clinical Results.- 3.3.10 Deterioration of the Flow Properties of Blood as a Result of Medication.- 3.3.11 Future Development and Limitations of Therapeutic Hemorheology.- 3.4 Survey of the Most Important Hemorheologicotherapeutic Measures According to Their Modes of Action.- 4 Specific Part Hemorheologicotherapeutic Measures and Medications.- 4.1 Monotherapy (Single Substances, Single Measures).- 4.1.1 Potassium Iodide.- 4.1.2 Venesection, Erythrapheresis.- 4.1.3 Saline Solutions, Crystalloid Solutions.- 4.1.4 Calcium Gluconate.- 4.1.5 Heparin and Heparinoids.- 4.1.6 Coumarins.- 4.1.7 Dextran Solutions.- 4.1.8 Penicillin.- 4.1.9 Hemapheresis (Plasmapheresis/Plasma Exchange, Cy tapheresis, Hemoperfusion).- 4.1.10 Chemotherapy, Cytostatic Drugs.- 4.1.11 Cardio-active Glycosides.- 4.1.12 Diuretics.- 4.1.13 Adenyl Compounds.- 4.1.14 Glucose Solutions/Levulose Solutions.- 4.1.15 Human Albumin and Human Plasma Solutions.- 4.1.16 Anesthetics.- 4.1.17 Gelatine Solutions.- 4.1.18 Streptokinase/Urokinase.- 4.1.19 Ancrod/Batroxobin.- 4.1.20 Electrically Induced Sleep.- 4.1.21 Contraceptives.- 4.1.22 X-Ray Contrast Media.- 4.1.23 Rutosides.- 4.1.24 Protein-Free Calves'Blood Extract.- 4.1.25 Nicotinic Acid Derivatives.- 4.1.26 Bencyclane.- 4.1.27 Pentoxifylline.- 4.1.28 Carbocromen.- 4.1.29 Clofibrate.- 4.1.30 Pyridinol Carbamate.- 4.1.31 Agonists and Antagonists at the Adrenoceptors.- 4.1.32 Choline Esters ("Essential Phospholipids"), Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Fish Oil Preparations.- 4.1.33 Calcium Dobesilate.- 4.1.34 Cinnarizine/Flunarizine.- 4.1.35 Hydroxyethyl Starch Solutions.- 4.1.36 Suloctidil.- 4.1.37 Butalamine.- 4.1.38 Naftidrofuryl.- 4.1.39 Vincamine.- 4.1.40 Ticlopidine.- 4.1.41 Antiepileptics.- 4.1.42 Buflomedil.- 4.1.43 Nitroglycerine and Nitrates.- 4.1.44 Insulin and Oral Antidiabetic Drugs.- 4.1.45 Acetylsalicylic Acid.- 4.1.46 Dipyridamole.- 4.1.47 Eburnamonine.- 4.1.48 Stanozolol.- 4.1.49 Nicergoline.- 4.1.50 Nifedipine.- 4.1.51 Prostaglandins/Prostacyclins.- 4.1.52 Indomethacin and Other Antirheumatic Drugs.- 4.1.53 Hydroxychloroquine.- 4.1.54 Fludrocortisone.- 4.1.55 Ketanserin.- 4.1.56 Plant Extracts (Bioflavonoids).- 4.1.57 Zilazep.- 4.1.58 Erythrocyte Transfusion in Sickle Cell Anemia.- 4.1.59 Iron Therapy in Polycythemia.- 4.1.60 Piracetam.- 4.1.61 Lipid Solutions.- 4.1.62 Exercise, Physiotherapy, Diet.- 4.1.63 Oxygen Therapy in Cor Pulmonale.- 4.1.64 Extracorporal Ultraviolet Radiation of the Blood.- 4.1.65 Hemodialysis and Kidney Transplants.- 4.1.66 Carnitine.- 4.1.67 Benfurodil.- 4.1.68 Molsidomine.- 4.1.69 Trapidyl.- 4.1.70 Glycerine Solutions.- 4.1.71 Polydeoxynucleotide.- 4.1.72 1-Thyroxine.- 4.2 Simultaneous Therapy with Hemorheologically Active Substances.- 4.2.1 Introduction.- 4.2.2 Venesection and Hemodilution with Plasma or Plasma Substitutes.- 4.2.2.1 Venesection and Dextran Solutions.- 4.2.2.2 Venesection and Plasma Protein Solutions.- 4.2.2.3 Venesection and Hydroxy ethyl Starch Solutions.- 4.2.2.4 Venesection and Isotonic Saline Solutions.- 4.2.3 Isovolemic Hemodilution and Defibrinogenation.- 4.2.4 Plasmapheresis and Chemotherapy.- 4.2.5 Streptokinase and Defibrinogenation.- 4.2.6 Electrolyte Solutions and Pentoxifylline.- 4.2.7 Hemodilution and Flavon Glycosides.- 4.2.8 Urokinase and Human Albumin Solutions.- 4.2.9 Pentoxifylline and Nadolol.- 4.2.10 Pentoxifylline and Piracetam.- 4.2.11 1-Dopa and Budipine.- 4.2.12 Combinations of Several Hemorheologically Active Drugs.- 4.3 Table of the Rheologic Measures Used by Various Authors with Regar to Diseases or Groups of Diseases.- 5 Summary.- 6 Addendum.- 7 References.- 8 Index to the General Part.- 9 Comparison of Generic Names (INN) and Trade Names of a Selection of Drugs Named by the Authors in the Initial Description of a Hemorheologic Effect (Chronologic Order).