Linear Position Sensors (PDF)

Preface. 1. Sensor Definitions and Conventions. 1.1 Is It a Sensor or a Transducer? 1.2 Position versus Displacement. 1.3 Absolute or Incremental Reading. 1.4 Contact or Contactless Sensing and Actuation. 1.5 Linear and Angular Configurations. 1.6 Application versus Sensor Technology. 2. Specifications. 2.1 About Position Sensor Specifications. 2.2 Measuring Range. 2.3 Zero and Span. 2.4 Repeatability. 2.5 Nonlinearity. 2.6 Hysteresis. 2.7 Calibrated Accuracy. 2.8 Drift. 2.9 What Does All This about Accuracy Mean to Me? 2.10 Temperature Effects. 2.11 Response Time. 2.12 Output Types. 2.13 Shock and Vibration. 2.14 EMI/EMC. 2.15 Power Requirements. 2.16 Intrinsic Safety, Explosion Proofing, and Purging. 2.17 Reliability. 3. Resistive Sensing. 3.1 Resistive Position Transducers. 3.2 Resistance. 3.3 History of Resistive Linear Position Transducers. 3.4 Linear Position Transducer Design. 3.5 Resistive Element. 3.6 Wiper. 3.7 Linear Mechanics. 3.8 Signal Conditioning. 3.9 Advantages and Disadvantages. 3.10 Performance Specifications. 3.11 Typical Performance Specifications and Applications. 4. Capacitive Sensing. 4.1 Capacitive Position Transducers. 4.2 Capacitance. 4.3 Dielectric Constant. 4.4 History of Capacitive Sensors. 4.5 Capacitive Position Transducer Design. 4.6 Electronic Circuits for Capacitive Transducers. 4.7 Guard Electrodes. 4.8 EMI/RFI. 4.9 Typical Performance Specifications and Applications. 5. Inductive Sensing. 5.1 Inductive Position Transducers. 5.2 Inductance. 5.3 Permeability. 5.4 History of Inductive Sensors. 5.5 Inductive Position Transducer Design. 5.6 Coil. 5.7 Core. 5.8 Signal Conditioning. 5.9 Advantages. 5.10 Typical Performance Specifications and Applications. 6. The LVDT. 6.1 LVDT Position Transducers. 6.2 History of the LVDT. 6.3 LVDT Position Transducer Design. 6.4 Coils. 6.5 Core. 6.6 Carrier Frequency. 6.7 Demodulation. 6.8 Signal Conditioning. 6.9 Advantages. 6.10 Typical Performance Specifications and Applications. 7. The Hall Effect.

DAVID S. NYCE is a Divisional General Manager and Director of Technology for the Sensors Group of MTS Systems Corporation in Eden Prairie, Minnesota, with an office in Cary, North Carolina. Having received the degrees of BSEE and MBA, he has spent the past twenty years developing sensors of many types for military, industrial, commercial, and automotive use.

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