The SAGE Encyclopedia of Educational Technology (ePub)

J. Michael Spector is Professor and Chair of Learning Technologies in the College of Information at the University of North Texas. He was previously Professor of Educational Psychology and Instructional Technology, Doctoral Program Coordinator for the Learning, Design, and Technology Program, and a Research Scientist at the Learning and Performance Support Laboratory at the University of Georgia (2009-2011). Previously, he was Associate Director of the Learning Systems Institute, Professor of Instructional Systems, and Principal Investigator for the International Center for Learning, Education and Performance Systems at Florida State University (2004-2008). He served as Chair of Instructional Design, Development and Evaluation at Syracuse University (2000-2004) and Director of the Educational Information Science and Technology Research Program at the University of Bergen (1996-1999). He is a distinguished graduate of the United States Air Force Academy and earned a Ph.D. in Philosophy from The University of Texas at Austin (1978). His recent research is in the areas of intelligent support for instructional design, system dynamics based learning environments, assessing learning in complex domains, distance learning, and technology integration in education. Dr. Spector served on the International Board of Standards for Training, Performance and Instruction (ibstpi) as Executive Vice President; he is on the Executive Committee of the IEEE Learning Technology Technical Committee, is a Past President of the Association for Educational and Communications Technology (AECT) as well as a Past Chair of the Technology, Instruction, Cognition and Learning Special Interest Group of the American Educational Research Association. He is the editor (10th year as editor) of the Development Section of Educational Technology Research & Development, and he serves on numerous other editorial boards. He co-edited the third edition of the Handbook of