Thermal Safety of Chemical Processes (PDF)

PART I: GENERAL ASPECTS OF THERMAL PROCESS SAFETY INTRODUCTION Case History Chemical Industry and Safety Risk Analysis Safety Data Systematic Search for Hazards Key Factors for a Successful Risk Analysis FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMAL PROCESS SAFETY Case History: Storage during Week-End Energy Potential Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rate Heat Balance Runaway Reactions Problems ASSESSMENT OF THERMAL RISKS Case history: Sulfonation Thermal Risks Systematic Assessment Procedure Assessment Procedures Exercises EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES Case History: Diazotization Calorimetric Measurement Principles Choice of Instruments Used in Safety Laboratories Problems PART II: MASTERING EXOTHERMAL REACTIONS GENERAL ASPECTS OF REACTOR SAFETY Case history: Process Deviation Dynamic Stability of Reactors Example BATCH REACTORS Case History "Nitroaniline" Principles of Batch Reaction Strategies of Temperature Control Isothermal Reactions Adiabatic Reaction Polytropic Reaction Isoperibolic Reaction Temperature Controlled Reaction Key Factors for the Safe Design of Batch Reactors Exercises SEMI-BATCH REACTORS Case history Principles of Semi-Batch Reaction Reactant Accumulation in Semi-Batch Reactors Design of Safe Semi-Batch Reactors Isothermal Reaction Isoperibolic, Constant Cooling Medium Temperature Non Isothermal Reaction Strategies of Feed Control Choice of Temperature and Feed Rate Feed Control by Accumulation Exercises CONTINUOUS REACTORS Case History Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors Tubular Reactors Other continuous reactor types TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF REACTOR SAFETY Case history: "Process transfer" Temperature control of industrial reactors Heat exchange across the wall Evaporative cooling Dynamics of the temperature control system and process design Exercises RISK REDUCING MEASURES Case History Strategies of choice Eliminating measures Technical preventing Measures Emergency measures Design of technical measures Exercises PART III: AVOIDING SECONDARY REACTIONS THERMAL STABILITY Case

Professor Francis Stoessel is Head of Chemical Process Safety Consulting in the Swiss Institute for the Promotion of Safety & Security. After graduating in Chemical Engineering from the Université de Haute Alsace, he spent most of his career working for Ciba-Geigy in their Chemical Engineering Department. He was Head of the Thermal Safety Department at Ciba, later of Process Safety Consulting at Novartis. He then took up a professorship at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology at Lausanne. Prof. Stoessel has received awards from the Swiss Expert Commission for Safety in the Chemical Industry and the Swiss Society for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry.

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