Virtual Machines (PDF)
Virtual Machines offers a unique insight into the building of virtual machines for sequential, object-oriented and parallel languages, and uses comparisons of different VMs to provide actual, practical examples on how to build VMs.
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Virtual Machines offers a unique insight into the building of virtual machines for sequential, object-oriented and parallel languages, and uses comparisons of different VMs to provide actual, practical examples on how to build VMs.
State transitions are used as a formal technique for the specification of virtual machines throughout and - in addition - transitions and state transitions relating to the general operation are included for specification of the virtual machine for the event-based system. Two virtual machines are defined using a simple sequential language, which is then generalised to include object and parallelism. Other themes explored include the implementation of VMs and proposals for future work. Appendices contain high-level specifications of two compilers: one for the simple language that serves as the basic example throughout the book, the other for the event-based language specified in Chapter 6.
This book is an essential reference tool for academic and industrial researchers as well as postgraduates in this area.
7.1 Introduction
The virt ual machines described so far have all had th e same property: they use at least one stack and a collection of special-purpose regist ers. This has been taken as the way to const ruct virtu al machines. It is certainly a relatively quick and easy way to do it and it is a target machine for which it is particularly easy to generate code. There are, however, alternatives, the primary being that based on the Register- Transfer Model (RTM) . This is the model upon which most hardware processors are based.
There have been many machine simulato rs over the years and there are programming environments , particularly for real-time and embedded systems, that allow programs for one processor to be executed using a simulated processor. However, t he use of the RTM for virt ual machines is relat ively new; the largest implementation to date (2004) is the Parrot virt ual machine for Perl6. This chapte r is concerned with this alternative organisation for virt ual machines.
Section 7.2 is concerned with the arguments surrounding registerbased machines, both pro and con. Section 7.3 contains a description of one way to organise a regist er-based virt ual machine. Since the only really public register-based virtual machine of any st rength is t hat for Parrot , Section 7.4 is a description of Parrot s general organisation , while Section 7.5 contains a description of Parrots instruction set (the description is only partial because th e published documentation is, as yet , incomplete- th e best way to understand t he Parrot VM is to read its code). In Section 7.6, a DIY register machine is presented.
In Section 7.7, it is shown how the two-stack code for the simple ALEX programming language can be converte d (macro processed, in essence) into code for the DIY register-t ran sfer machine. The following section contains examples of such translat ions using a simple
The SECD machine is the classic of this form, of course. The Pascal-S , Pascal P4, UCSD Pascal, Smalltalk and Java abstract machines are also stack-based. One good reason for constructing stack-based machines is that expressions can be directly evaluated on the stack . Stacks are also used to represent scope, thus making procedures and block structures easy to implement. Stacks are required to implement recursion , a feature of ISWIM, Algol60 and most modern programming languages . Stack-based architectures are good for compiler writers, therefore."
- Autor: Iain D. Craig
- 2010, 2006, 269 Seiten, Englisch
- Verlag: Springer-Verlag GmbH
- ISBN-10: 1846282462
- ISBN-13: 9781846282461
- Erscheinungsdatum: 17.05.2010
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- Dateiformat: PDF
- Größe: 44 MB
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From the reviews:
"The author offers a unique insight into the building of virtual machines (VMs) for sequential, object-oriented and parallel languages, and uses comparisons of different VMs to provide practical examples on how to build VMs." (Stefan Meyer, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1092 (18), 2006)
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