Assessment of the Fate and Effects of Toxic Agents on Water Resources

energy
- Conservation of salt
- Equation of state
- Simplifications and Scale Analysis
- Incompressibility
- The hydrostatic approximation
- The Coriolis force
- The Reynolds equations
- The primitive equations
- The Shallow Water Equations
- Boundary Processes
- Initial conditions
- Material boundary conditions
- Open boundaries conditions
- Conditions on the sea surface and the bottom
- References
- Monitoring Physical Processes

- Introduction
- Definition and Objectives of Environmental Monitoring
- Multi-purposefulness of Monitoring Activity
- Types of Monitoring
- Baseline and Targeted Monitoring from a View of System Approach
- Monitoring Parameters
- Spatial Schemes of Monitoring
- Types of Monitoring Measurements
- Temporal Schedule of Monitoring
- Monitoring and Short-term Data Collection Dedicated to Modeling
- References
- Time Series Analysis of Lagoon Variables

- Introduction
- Lagoon Time Series
- Time Series Preprocessing
- Time Domain Analysis
- Filters
- Frequency Domain Analysis
- Spectral analysis
- Harmonic analysis
- Summary
- Discretization Techniques

- Introduction
- The Basics
- Discretization
- Requirements
- The Decay Equation — A Simple Example
- Basic discretization formulas
- Accuracy
- Stability
- Inertial Motion — A System of Equations
- Matrices and Eigen values
- Various schemes
- The Diffusion Equation — The Spatial Dimensio
- First and second spatial derivative
- Explicit and implicit schemes
- Stability The von Neuman stability analysis
- The Transport Equation
- The FTCS scheme
- The forward and backward scheme
- The propagation cone
- The leap frog scheme
- Final thoughts
- Gravity Waves
- Staggered schemes
- Stability of schemes
- The shallow water equations
- Conclusions
- Numerical Models as Decision Support Tools in Coastal Areas Decision Support Tools

- Decision Support Tools
- Brief History of Modelling Tools
- MOHID
- MOHID: A Modular System
- Model Module

- Introduction
- Single model
- Nested models
- Bathymetry module
- Geometry module
- Finite volume
- Vertical coordinates
- Hydrodynamic module
- Open boundary conditions
- Moving boundaries
- Lagrangian module
- Tracer concept
- Tracer movement
- Turbulent diffusion
- Monitoring boxes
- Oil module
- Implementation
- Oil-beaching
- Removal techniques
- Water properties module
- Water quality module
- Surface module
- Wind
- Heat fluxes
- Solar radiation
- Bottom module
- Free vertical movement module
- Hydrodynamic file module
- References

4. Effects pf CRBN Agents on Aquatic Ecosystems

- Ecosystem approach for adaptive management of the coastal socio-ecological complexes

- Introduction
- Processes and Functions
- Functional Values and Socio-Economic Valuation
- Lower Danube Wetlands System Case study
- Conclusions
- References
- Developing the D-P-S-I-R framework of indicators for management of human impact on marine ecosystems: Baltic Sea example

- Introduction
- The Conceptual Frameworks of Environmental Quality Indicators and Indices
- Examples of P-S-R Indicators for the Main Environmental Concerns
- Eutrophication
- Fishery
- Contamination by harmful substances
- Oil pollution/marine transport
- Invasion of non-indigenous species
- Sanitary pollution
- Dredge spoils dumping
- Extraction of sand and gravel
- Offshore oil and gas production
- Artificial radionuclides
- Coastal degradation
- Loss ofbiodiversity and habitat destruction
- Illustrative Examples of D-type Indicators
- Summary and conclusions
- References
- Phytoplankton Ecological Processes for Ecosystem Modeling: Some Basic Concepts

- Introduction
- Phytoplankton Systematics and Functional Diversity
- Environmental Factors Controlling Phytoplankton Biomass
- Size as an Alternative State Variable
- Further Readings
- Modeling Possible Impacts of Terrorist Attacks in Coastal Lagoon Ecosystems with Stella

- Ecosystem Organization
- Food webs
- Keystone species and reproductive strategies
- Mature ecosystems vs
- developmental stages
- Ecosystem Succession
- Pollutants and Bioamplification
- Coastal lagoons and Water Renewal Rate
- Terrorist Attack Consequences in the Lagoon Ecosystem
- Outlines for Modeling
- Ecological Modeling with Stella
- Model Development
- Exponential growth model
- Logistic growth model
- Competition model
- Predation model
- Simulation of Different Scenarios
- Remarks
- References
- Trophic Network Models and Prediction of Toxic Substances Accumulation in Food Webs

- Introduction
- Bioaccumulation of Toxic Substances in Food Webs
- Bioaccumulation Web Models
- ECOPATH
- ECOSIM
- ECOTRACE
- References Assessment of Lake Ecosystem Response to Toxic Events with the AQUATOX Model

- Introduction
- The AQUATOX Model
- General AQUATOX Model Results: Factors Determining the Aquatic Ecosystem Response
- Characteristics of Fish Species
- Timing and Amount of the Chemical
- Coralville Reservoir Example
- Summary
- References
- Chemical Weapons Dumped in the Baltic Sea

- Introduction
- Short history of use of chemical weapons
- Classification and properties of chemical warfare agents
- Chemical warfare agents in the marine environment
- Chemical Weapon
- Classification of chemical ammunition
- Dumping the chemical weapon in the world ocean
- Chemical weapon dumped in the Baltic Sea
- Immediate effects after dumping
- Selected Cases of Contacts with Chemical Munitions in the Baltic Sea Area
- Injuries of children, 1955
- Injuries of fishermen, 1997
- Research on Dumped Chemical Weapon in the Baltic Sea
- Results of German studies, 1994-1996
- Results of Russian research, 2001. Results of studies in other countries
- New/ongoing research projects
- Lessons Learned from Unintentional Human Contact with Dumped Chemical Munitions
- Designing Research on Dumped Chemical Weapon
- Conclusions and Comments
- References
- Monitoring After Attack;N
- N. - Kazantseva

- Introduction
- Critical Points
- Chemical and Biological Monitoring and Detection

5. Case Study: Dieldrin Attach in Dalyan Lagoon

- Background
- Attack Scenario
- Description of Dalyan Lagoon
- Organization of teams
- Tools and Techniques
- The WASP7 Surface Water Body Model
- The AQUATOX Surface Water Ecology Model
- The Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code, EFDC
- Results and Discussion
- WASP7 Simulation Results
- AQUATOX Simulation Results
- Results from Emergency Response Team
- Conclusions and Recommendations
- Conclusions from student teams
- Post-mortem analysis of exercise
- Final remarks
- References

- Appendix 1
- Appendix 2
- List of Participants