Brain & Music

Preface ix
 
Part I Introductory Chapters 1
 
1 Ear and Hearing 3
 
1.1 The ear 3
 
1.2 Auditory brainstem and thalamus 6
 
1.3 Place and time information 8
 
1.4 Beats, roughness, consonance and dissonance 9
 
1.5 Acoustical equivalency of timbre and phoneme 11
 
1.6 Auditory cortex 12
 
2 Music-theoretical Background 17
 
2.1 How major keys are related 17
 
2.2 The basic in-key functions in major 20
 
2.3 Chord inversions and Neapolitan sixth chords 21
 
2.4 Secondary dominants and double dominants 21
 
3 Perception of Pitch and Harmony 23
 
3.1 Context-dependent representation of pitch 23
 
3.2 The representation of key-relatedness 26
 
3.3 The developing and changing sense of key 29
 
3.4 The representation of chord-functions 30
 
3.5 Hierarchy of harmonic stability 31
 
3.6 Musical expectancies 35
 
3.7 Chord sequence paradigms 36
 
4 From Electric Brain Activity to ERPs and ERFs 40
 
4.1 Electro-encephalography (EEG) 43
 
4.1.1 The 10-20 system 43
 
4.1.2 Referencing 45
 
4.2 Obtaining event-related brain potentials (ERPs) 45
 
4.3 Magnetoencephalography (MEG) 48
 
4.3.1 Forward solution and inverse problem 49
 
4.3.2 Comparison between MEG and EEG 49
 
5 ERP Components 51
 
5.1 Auditory P1, N1, P2 51
 
5.2 Frequency-following response (FFR) 53
 
5.3 Mismatch negativity 54
 
5.3.1 MMN in neonates 57
 
5.3.2 MMN and music 57
 
5.4 N2b and P300 59
 
5.5 ERP-correlates of language processing 59
 
5.5.1 Semantic processes: N400 60
 
5.5.2 Syntactic processes: (E)LAN and P600 63
 
5.5.3 Prosodic processes: Closure Positive Shift 67
 
6 A Brief Historical Account of ERP Studies of Music Processing 70
 
6.1 The beginnings: Studies with melodic stimuli 70
 
6.2 Studies

Stefan Koelsch is Professor of Music Psychology at the Freie University Berlin. He is a former post-doctoral research fellow at Harvard Medical School, and led an independent Junior Research Group at the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences in Leipzig. His main areas of research are neurocognition of music, music and emotion, and music therapy.