Can R2P practice what it promises? A Case Study on the Syrian Civil War
(Sprache: Englisch)
In recent years, news from the Middle East, especially from Syria, have been devastating. Pictures of hundreds of thousands of civilians being killed, tortured, on the run, of refugees living under terrible conditions in neighbouring countries have shocked...
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In recent years, news from the Middle East, especially from Syria, have been devastating. Pictures of hundreds of thousands of civilians being killed, tortured, on the run, of refugees living under terrible conditions in neighbouring countries have shocked the public. The emergence of ISIS as a result of the Syrian civil war poses a threat to international security. Over and over again, politicians, human rights organisations and academics have been demanding that the international community, represented by the United Nations, steps in to stop the mass atrocities and protect the civilian victims from the radical opposition groups and Dictator Bashar Al-Assad. But is there a responsibility of other states towards the Syrian population? Is it morally and legally right to send money, weapons and possibly military personnel to risk their lives and resources?The moral demand to do just that is supported by the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) doctrine with which the international community committed itself in 2005/6 to protect civilians from mass atrocities and marked a milestone in international politics since it changed the definition of state sovereignty from sovereignty as authority to sovereignty as responsibility. This includes a sovereign's responsibility towards his own people but also towards people outside of his jurisdiction.
But how effective is R2P in practice? Is it a mere norm without any implications for action or is it even legally binding in obliging states to protect civilians in cases of mass atrocities? If so, why does the UN not react and intervene in Syria?
This book examines the Responsibility to Protect doctrine in ist legal and political dimensions and will thus provide some answers to the questions that occupy the general public.
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Text Sample:Chapter 1.1, Methods and Sources:
In order to find out whether R2P practices what it promises, this dissertation will use triangulation to compensate for the weaknesses of a single method by "counterbalancing it with the strengths of another" (Jick, 1979: 604). Therefore, quantitative and qualitative methods will be used in the following.
As a first step, Doctrinal Legal Research, which investigates the formulation of R2P as a legal doctrine through the analysis of legal rules, will be undertaken. The purpose of this method is to find out the legal status of a norm (Hart, 1961; Arthurs, 1983). In other words, it will be investigated where and to what extent R2P, developed by the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS), has been implemented in International Humanitarian Law (IHL), the UN Charter, the World Summit Outcome Document (WSOD) of 2005 and UNSC Resolutions. The result will be used for the derivation of R2P criteria, which ultimately form a set of options and instruments to be applied by the UN. They are divided into two sub-categories: R2P criteria for the non-use of force and R2P criteria for the potential use of lethal force.
Furthermore, a critical discourse analysis of UNSC Resolutions, presidential statements of the General Assembly (GA) and the UNSC, as well as reports from the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic (henceforth it will be referred to as Independent Commission of Inquiry on Syria) will be conducted to find out how UN institutions reacted towards the massive human rights abuse in Syria, and to establish whether their approach to fulfil their responsibility towards the suffering population is decisive. Furthermore it will used to analyse statements by the permanent five UNSC members to find out their interests behind actions or inaction. Critical discourse analyses is especially useful to discover the actors' motives because it "explores how texts
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construct representations of the world, social relationships and social identities and there is an emphasis on highlighting how such practices and texts are ideologically shaped by relations of power" (Fairclough, 1992 quoted in: Taylor, 2010: 3).
The case study approach has been selected in order to investigate the phenomenon of R2P within its contemporary context. Since there is only a limited number of cases where R2P has been so far applied, given the fact that the concept itself is fairly new, it is necessary to provide a short comparison between Libya and Syria. Firstly, because the civil wars in both countries are similar in their emergence, development, and context, and secondly, because the difference in the UN's reaction to the humanitarian catastrophe in both cases can give insight on how R2P is practiced.
Consequently, empirical data for the case study on Syria will be gathered from several sources, such as the Human Rights Council of the UN (HCR), the Independent Commission of Inquiry on Syria, the European Commission, as well as from non-governmental organisations (NGO's) such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch which will be used to gain an understanding on the humanitarian situation in Syria. A cross-referencing of these data will be carried out to increase the validity of the findings. However, the fact that the unstable situation in Syria makes it difficult to get accurate death tolls and circumstances of death will be kept in mind. Consequently, the numbers will be unlikely to be exact, even though the quality of sources will indicate a trend which can be used to draw conclusions on the current situation in Syria.
The case study approach has been selected in order to investigate the phenomenon of R2P within its contemporary context. Since there is only a limited number of cases where R2P has been so far applied, given the fact that the concept itself is fairly new, it is necessary to provide a short comparison between Libya and Syria. Firstly, because the civil wars in both countries are similar in their emergence, development, and context, and secondly, because the difference in the UN's reaction to the humanitarian catastrophe in both cases can give insight on how R2P is practiced.
Consequently, empirical data for the case study on Syria will be gathered from several sources, such as the Human Rights Council of the UN (HCR), the Independent Commission of Inquiry on Syria, the European Commission, as well as from non-governmental organisations (NGO's) such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch which will be used to gain an understanding on the humanitarian situation in Syria. A cross-referencing of these data will be carried out to increase the validity of the findings. However, the fact that the unstable situation in Syria makes it difficult to get accurate death tolls and circumstances of death will be kept in mind. Consequently, the numbers will be unlikely to be exact, even though the quality of sources will indicate a trend which can be used to draw conclusions on the current situation in Syria.
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Autoren-Porträt von Sabrina Hoeling
Sabrina Hoeling, born in Hamburg, finished her studies of Economics and Political Science successfully at the Georg-August University in 2013. In the same year she published her first book "Grexit- is the exit from the European Monetary Union an economic efficient solution for Greece?" in which she analyses the financial crisis and possible economic solutions to improve the disastrous economic situation in Greece. In 2014, she moved to England to concentrate on her passion for human rights and conflict studies. During her studies at the University of Durham the Middle East and its ongoing conflict caught her interest. She decided to focus on international norms in practice and did thus extensive research on the civil war in Syria.
Bibliographische Angaben
- Autor: Sabrina Hoeling
- 2015, 80 Seiten, Maße: 15,5 x 22 cm, Kartoniert (TB), Englisch
- Verlag: Anchor Academic Publishing
- ISBN-10: 3954893576
- ISBN-13: 9783954893577
- Erscheinungsdatum: 03.04.2017
Sprache:
Englisch
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