Earning Animals

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Chapter LAC INSECT - LAC CULTURE:
Classification:
Lac Insect (Lakh ka-kira).
Phylum: Arthopoda; Class: Insecta; Order: Hemiptera; Sub-order: Homoptera; Super-family: Coccidae; Family: Leciferidae; Genus:Laccifer; Species:lacca.
Introduction:
Lac is one of the most precious gifts of nature to man and lac insects are exploited for their products of commerce like resin, dye and wax. Since very early times, lac insects and their products have been known to naturalists. As observed by Watt (1908) "Lac enters into the Agricultural, Commercial, Artistic, Manufacturing, Domestic and sacred feelings and enterprises of the people of India to an extent hardly appreciated by the ordinary observers". Today an average of about 20 -22 thousand tons of stick lac (raw lac) is produced in the country per year. It pays an important role in contribution of foreign exchange earnings and also provides a subsidiary income to the socioeconomically weakest persons of India.
HISTORY:
Since ancient times, Greeks and Romans were familiar with the use of lac. The cultivation of lac insects has a long history in Asia, with some suggestion that it is as old as 4000 years in China where its cultivation accompanied with the development of the silk industry. The lac has been referred in ancient Sanskrit words viz" Atharva-Veda (Dave, 1950; flora, 1952) and was called "Luxa'. The English word lac synonyms Lakh in Hindi which itself is derivative of Sanskrit word Laksh meaning a lakh or hundred thousand. It would appear that Vedic people knew that the lac is obtained from numerous insects. It is mentioned in Mahabharat that 'Luxa Griha' was made up of lac which was prepared by Kaurava for Pandavas. Abul Fazal (1590) in his famous book 'Ain-i-Akbari' has mentioned in detail about the lac industry in India. Mandihassan (1959, 1952), has referred about the lac insect and its products in China. The first scientific reference regarding the lac and lac insect is reported by Kerr and

Sasmita Panda, born in 1982, graduated in 2002 from Godavaris Mahavidyalaya, Banpur under Utkal University, Odisha. She completed her P.G. in Zoology in 2004 and her M. Phil. in 2013 from Khallikote college under Berhampur University. She has been teaching Zoology in different U.G. Colleges since 2006. Currently, she is serving as a lecturer in zoology at Jatni college, Jatni. She has published many articles in research journals of National and International repute. She has also co-authored a Fishery book entitled "Employment Through Aquaculture" as well as a book entitled "Biology of Wild Animals" meant for students of undergraduate and post-graduate level. Furthermore, she has edited a book entitled "Water for Survival" published by M/S Nandakishore Publication.
Gagan Kumar Panigrahi, born in 1989, has passed up to CBSE from D.M. School, Bhubaneswar and B.Sc., B.Ed. from RIE (NCERT) under Utkal University. He passed M.Sc. in Life science securing 2nd position from NIT Rourkela in 2012. He also qualified in the Orissa State Talent Search Examination conducted by the Govt. of Odisha and CTET in 2011. He also qualified the CSIR-UGC NET (Lectureship in LIFE SCIENCES) in December 2012, with All India Rank of 30. He has also published research and review articles in different Journals and souvenirs of National and International repute. Currently, he is a Ph.D. scholar in Myongii deemed University, South Korea. He has also co-authored a book entitled "Biology of Wild Animals" meant for students of undergraduate and post-graduate level.
Dr. S.N. Padhi, born in 1953, obtained a B.Sc. degree in 1973, P.G. in 1975 and Ph.D. in 1981 under Berhampur University. He devoted his time in teaching and research in different Govt. and Non-Govt. colleges of Odisha since 1978. He has completed many minor research projects and major research projects funded by the University Grants Commission. He has published many research articles and edited many souvenirs of State level and