Industrial Microbiology

HISTORICAL OVERVIEW AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVE Use of fermentation procedures prior to the discovery of microorganisms (Neolithic Era = New Stone Age until 1850) Investigation of microorganisms and beginning of industrial microbiology (1850 until 1940) Development of new products and processes: antibiotics and other biomolecules (after 1940) Genetic engineering as successful tool for industrial microorganisms (after 1980) Future perspectives: Synthetic microbiology BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING Introduction Non-structured models Oxygen transport Heat generating aerobic processes Product recovery Modeling and simulation of reactor behavior Scale-up FOOD Fermented foods Microorganisms and metabolism Yeast fermentations - Industrial application of Saccharomyces species Vinegar - Incomplete ethanol oxidation by acetic acid bacteria such as Gluconobacter oxidans Bacterial and mixed fermentations- Industrial application of lactic acid bacteria, with or without yeast or molds Fungi as food Conclusions and outlook INDUSTRIAL ALCOHOLS AND KETONES Introduction Ethanol synthesis by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Clostridium autoethanogenum 1,3-Propanediol synthesis by Escherichia coli Butanol and isobutanol synthesis by clostridia and yeast Acetone synthesis by solventogenic clostridia Outlook ORGANIC ACIDS Introduction Citric acid Lactic acid Gluconic acid Succinic acid Itaconic acid Downstream options for organic acids Perspectives AMINO ACIDS Introduction Production of amino acids L-Glutamate synthesis by Corynebacterium glutamicum L-Lysine L-Threonine synthesis by Escherichia coli L-Phenylalanine Outlook VITAMINS, NUCLEOTIDES, CAROTENOIDS Application and economic impact L-Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) Riboflavin (vitamin B2) Cobalamin (vitamin B12) Purine nucleotides ß-Carotene Perspectives ANTIBIOTICS AND PHARMACOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS Microbial substances active against infectious disease agents or affecting human cells beta-Lactams Lipopeptides Macrolides Tetracyclines

David Wilson, PhD, was a Professor of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology at Cornell University in Ithaca (USA). Hermann Sahm, PhD, is Emeritus Professor of Biotechnology at the University of Düsseldorf (Germany). Peter Stahmann, PhD, is Professor for Technical Microbiology at Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg in Senftenberg (Germany). Mattheos Koffas, PhD, is Professor of Biology at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy (USA).