Malcolm X: The Pragmatic Nationalist
(Sprache: Englisch)
This book tracks the evolution of Malcolm X from a racist, espousing the essentialist ideals of the Nation of Islam to a human rights activist, aware of the broader early 1960 s struggle against imperial forces. Central to this was his strategic use of race...
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This book tracks the evolution of Malcolm X from a racist, espousing the essentialist ideals of the Nation of Islam to a human rights activist, aware of the broader early 1960 s struggle against imperial forces. Central to this was his strategic use of race to unite African-American initially and then the oppressed people in the world. Race was used as a strategy with the aim to abolish racial oppression. In the first chapter of this study we look at the constraints, most notably the white power structure, present in the United States during the mid-1960s which, on one hand gave form to Malcolm s thinking, and on the other, made it necessary for Malcolm to add an international dimension to his thinking. The second chapter explores Malcolm s racial theorising in 1964-65 when he identified the two stages which were necessary for the attainment of a colour-blind society. While Africa, as both idea and place, served as a cultural base, it also acted as a springboard to an international coalition of oppressed people. By linking the domestic and the international politics of Malcolm X, this study highlights the sense of purpose with which Malcolm X articulated his arguments concerning the future of the African-American community and their involvement in the American society.
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Text Sample:Chapter: Introduction:
Over the years, much has been written on Malcolm X, most particularly the last year of his life. The period extending from 12 March 1964, the date he officially announced his split from the Nation of Islam, to 21 February 1965, when he was assassinated, has attracted the most attention due to its political significance. The change in Malcolm X brought about by the split was both secular and religious. During the last year of his life, Malcolm s critique of the American social, political, economic structures was incisive as he identified and tried to solve the central problems facing the African-American community. Adopting a pragmatic position, Malcolm formulated conceptual strategies which he believed would help to bring an end to oppression. Central to this was his strategic use of race to unite African-American initially and then the oppressed people in the world. Race was used as a strategy with the aim to abolish racial oppression. The literature devoted to Malcolm s last year is both diverse and enriching. The scholarship which will be discussed in the following paragraphs either deals with how the domestic and international dimensions of Malcolm s thinking are linked or some of the domestic factors which shaped Malcolm s global perspective.
George Breitman was among the most prolific scholars writing on Malcolm X during the late 1960s and early 1970s. In line with his own socialist leaning, Breitman, in The Last Year of Malcolm X, explores Malcolm s links to the left, and posits that after his break from the Nation of Islam, Malcolm became increasingly pro-socialist and anti-capitalist. Breitman highlights the fact that the change in Malcolm s approach to the black struggle in the United States, his political involvement in particular, upset white supremacists who believed that the new Malcolm could pose a greater threat to the status quo than the Black Muslim Malcolm. Although Breitman identifies black unity as a
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pre-requisite to freedom and equality, he however concedes that Black nationalism is a means, not the end; it is a means, but not the only means; it is probably and indispensable means toward a solution; but it is not the solution itself. Despite his new, pragmatic approach, Malcolm X remained deeply suspicious of whites in the United States, fearing their complicity whether voluntary or involuntary with the oppressive structures of the country. In this regard, Breitman points out that: he [Malcolm] did not share the belief of the Marxists that the working class, including a decisive section of the white workers as well as of the black workers, will play a leading role in the alliance that will end both racism and capitalism. Breitman s The Last Year of Malcolm X highlights the political contribution of Malcolm X after his break from the Nation of Islam. Although he explores Malcolm s connections with leftist organizations, mainly socialism, Breitman acknowledges that race, as a marker of identity, often displaces class.
In its attempt to place the political thought of Malcolm X within a broader context of fundamental concepts of Geography, James Tyner s The Geography of Malcolm X highlights the political importance of Africa in his thinking. Malcolm X s attempt, during the last year of his life, to build a diasporic consciousness in African-Americans was above all aimed at creating a positive sense of identity for the community. Tyner points out that the recognition and analysis of negative representations of African Americans provided an important building block to the development of Malcolm X s own political thought and geographical imagination. By extension, Malcolm X s exhortation for African-Americans to recover the lost base that was Africa was likewise part of the evolution of his political thought. Tyner acknowledges the fact that the American political, economic, and social structures could not ensure the equal participation of blacks. He argues tha
In its attempt to place the political thought of Malcolm X within a broader context of fundamental concepts of Geography, James Tyner s The Geography of Malcolm X highlights the political importance of Africa in his thinking. Malcolm X s attempt, during the last year of his life, to build a diasporic consciousness in African-Americans was above all aimed at creating a positive sense of identity for the community. Tyner points out that the recognition and analysis of negative representations of African Americans provided an important building block to the development of Malcolm X s own political thought and geographical imagination. By extension, Malcolm X s exhortation for African-Americans to recover the lost base that was Africa was likewise part of the evolution of his political thought. Tyner acknowledges the fact that the American political, economic, and social structures could not ensure the equal participation of blacks. He argues tha
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Autoren-Porträt von Lukmaan Hakim Khan Seekdaur
The author graduated with a BA (Hons) English degree from the University of Mauritius. His undergraduate dissertation focused on Native Americans and their relationship to the land. After that, he took an MA in American Studies at the University of Manchester where his thesis considered the African-Americans differing ideological struggles in the Civil Rights Movement.
Bibliographische Angaben
- Autor: Lukmaan Hakim Khan Seekdaur
- 2014, Erstauflage, 64 Seiten, Maße: 15,5 x 22 cm, Kartoniert (TB), Englisch
- Verlag: Anchor Academic Publishing
- ISBN-10: 3954892057
- ISBN-13: 9783954892051
Sprache:
Englisch
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