Metal Soaps in Art

Foreword.- Preface.- List of Contributors.- 1 A Brief History of Metal Soaps in Paintings From a Conservation Perspective.- Part I Formation, Migration and Environmental Influences.- 2 Zinc Soaps: An Overview of Zinc Oxide Reactivity and Consequences of Soap Formation in Oil-Based Paintings.- 3 Towards a Complete Molecular Model for the Formation of Metal Soaps in Oil Paints.- 4 Understanding the Dynamics and Structure of Lead Soaps in Oil Paintings Using Multinuclear NMR.- 5 Historical Evolutions of Lead-Fat Formula from Antiquity to Modern Times: An Echo Between Pharmacy and Painting.- 6 Impact of Lead Soaps on the Formation of Age Craquelure.- 7 An Investigation into Metal Ions in Varnish Coatings.- 8 Ageing of Natural Resins in Presence of Pigments: Metal Soaps and Oxalates Formation.- 9 Factors Affecting the Reactivity of Zinc Oxide with Different Drying Oils: A Vibrational Spectroscopy Study.- Part II Innovative Approaches to the Characterization of Metal Soaps and Oxalates.- 10 Tracking Metal Oxalates and Carboxylates on Painting Surfaces by Non-Invasive Reflection Mid-FTIR Spectroscopy.- 11 Identification and Distribution of Metal Soaps and Oxalates in Oil and Tempera Paint Layers in 15th Century Altarpieces Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques.- 12 Photoluminescence Micro-Imaging Sheds New Light on Phase Characterization in the Development of Metal Soaps in Historical Paintings.- 13  Physicochemistry of Pure Lead(II) Soaps: Crystal Structures, Solid and Liquid Mesophases, and Glass Phases: Crystallographic, Calorimetric and Pair Distribution Function Analysis.- Part III Characterization and Treatment.- 14 Taking Different Forms: Metal Soaps in Paintings, Diagnosis of Condition, and Issues for Treatment.- 15 Characterization and Removal of a Disfiguring Oxalate Crust on a Large Altarpiece by Hans Memling.- 16 The Development of an Aqueous Gel Testing Procedure for the

Francesca Casadio joined the Art Institute of Chicago in July 2003 as the Museum's first A. W. Mellon Senior Conservation Scientist. Since January 2018 she is the Grainger Executive Director of Conservation and Science. With a PhD in Chemistry from the University of Milan, Italy, Casadio is also the founder and co-Director of the Northwestern University / Art Institute of Chicago Center for Scientific Studies in the Arts (NU-ACCESS). Her research interests are interdisciplinary studies mainly focused on artistic materials and practices of the 19th and 20th century.

Katrien Keune is research scientist at the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, Netherlands. She is responsible for the scientific research in the conservation studios. She also holds an appointment as Associate Professor of Chemistry at the University of Amsterdam (UvA) and contributes to the Netherlands Institute for Conservation, Art and Science (NICAS) at a scientific and organizational level. She received a PhD in chemistry from FOM Institute AMOLF, UvA. Her expertise lies in the ageing, deterioration and migration processes in oil paintings, especially related to pigment-binding medium interactions.  

Petria Noble is senior paintings conservator and Head of Paintings Conservation at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, a position she has held since 2014. Prior to this she worked for 18 years at the Mauritshuis in The Hague. As an expert in the material aspects and conservation of 17th-century Dutch paintings she has published widely in conservation and scientific journals. She is strong advocate for scientific investigations of paintings as a key to understanding changes in appearance. Her current research activities include the development and application of non-invasive imaging techniques for the study of late Rembrandt paintings.

Annelies van Loon trained as a chemist and a paintings conservator, before specializing inthe materials