Nuclear Chemistry 2e
(Sprache: Englisch)
Written by established experts in the field, this book features in-depth discussions of proven scientific principles, current trends, and applications of nuclear chemistry to the sciences and engineering.* Provides up-to-date coverage of the latest research...
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Klappentext zu „Nuclear Chemistry 2e “
Written by established experts in the field, this book features in-depth discussions of proven scientific principles, current trends, and applications of nuclear chemistry to the sciences and engineering.* Provides up-to-date coverage of the latest research and examines the theoretical and practical aspects of nuclear and radiochemistry* Presents the basic physical principles of nuclear and radiochemistry in a succinct fashion, requiring no basic knowledge of quantum mechanics* Adds discussion of math tools and simulations to demonstrate various phenomena, new chapters on Nuclear Medicine, Nuclear Forensics and Particle Physics, and updates to all other chapters* Includes additional solved problems to help students and a solutions manual for all end of chapter problems for instructors* Reviews of 1st edition: "... an authoritative, comprehensive but succinct, state-of-the-art textbook ...." (The Chemical Educator) and "...an excellent resource for libraries and laboratories supporting programs requiring familiarity with nuclear processes ..." (CHOICE)
Inhaltsverzeichnis zu „Nuclear Chemistry 2e “
Preface to the Second Edition xvPreface to the First Edition xvii1 Introductory Concepts 11.1 Introduction 11.2 The Excitement and Relevance of Nuclear Chemistry 21.3 The Atom 31.4 Atomic Processes 41.5 The Nucleus: Nomenclature 71.6 Properties of the Nucleus 81.7 Survey of Nuclear Decay Types 91.8 Modern Physical Concepts Needed in Nuclear Chemistry 12Bibliography 212 Nuclear Properties 252.1 Nuclear Masses 252.2 Terminology 282.3 Binding Energy Per Nucleon 292.4 Separation Energy Systematics 312.5 Abundance Systematics 322.6 Semiempirical Mass Equation 332.7 Nuclear Sizes and Shapes 392.8 Quantum Mechanical Properties 432.9 Electric and Magnetic Moments 45Problems 51Bibliography 553 Radioactive Decay Kinetics 573.1 Basic Decay Equations 573.2 Mixture of Two Independently Decaying Radionuclides 653.3 Radioactive Decay Equilibrium 663.4 Branching Decay 763.5 Radiation Dosage 773.6 Natural Radioactivity 793.7 Radionuclide Dating 84Problems 90Bibliography 924 Nuclear Meddicine 934.1 Introduction 934.2 Radiopharmaceuticals 944.3 Imaging 964.4 99Tcm 984.5 PET 994.6 Other imaging techniques 1034.7 Some Random Observations about the Physics of Imaging 1044.8 Therapy 108Problems 110Bibliography 1125 Particle Physics and the Nuclear Force 1135.1 Particle Physics 1135.2 The Nuclear Force 1175.3 Characteristics of the Strong Force 1195.4 Charge Independence of Nuclear Forces 120Problems 124Bibliography 1246 Nuclear Structure 1256.1 Introduction 1256.2 Nuclear Potentials 1276.3 Schematic Shell Model 1296.4 Independent Particle Model 1416.5 Collective Model 1436.6 Nilsson Model 1496.7 Fermi Gas Model 152Problems 161Bibliography 1647 -Decay 1677.1 Introduction 1677.2 Energetics of alpha Decay 1697.3 Theory of alpha Decay 1737.4 Hindrance Factors 1827.5 Heavy Particle Radioactivity 1837.6 Proton Radioactivity 185Problems 186Bibliography 1888 -Decay 1918.1 Introduction 1918.2 Neutrino Hypothesis 1928.3 Derivation of the Spectral Shape 1968.4 Kurie Plots 1998.5 ß Decay Rate
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Constant 2008.6 Electron Capture Decay 2068.7 Parity Nonconservation 2078.8 Neutrinos Again 2088.9 ß-Delayed Radioactivities 2098.10 Double ß Decay 211Problems 213Bibliography 2149 -Ray Decay 2179.1 Introduction 2179.2 Energetics of gamma-Ray Decay 2189.3 Classification of Decay Types 2209.4 Electromagnetic Transition Rates 2239.5 Internal Conversion 2299.6 Angular Correlations 2329.7 Mössbauer Effect 238Problems 244Bibliography 24510 Nuclear Reactions 24710.1 Introduction 24710.2 Energetics of Nuclear Reactions 24810.3 Reaction Types and Mechanisms 25210.4 Nuclear Reaction Cross Sections 25310.5 Reaction Observables 26410.6 Rutherford Scattering 26410.7 Elastic (Diffractive) Scattering 26810.8 Aside on the Optical Model 27010.9 Direct Reactions 27110.10 Compound Nuclear Reactions 27310.11 Photonuclear Reactions 27910.12 Heavy-Ion Reactions 28110.13 High-Energy Nuclear Reactions 291Problems 298Bibliography 30211 Fission 30511.1 Introduction 30511.2 Probability of Fission 30811.3 Dynamical Properties of Fission Fragments 32311.4 Fission Product Distributions 32711.5 Excitation Energy of Fission Fragments 334Problems 337Bibliography 33812 Nuclear Astrophysics 33912.1 Introduction 33912.2 Elemental and Isotopic Abundances 34012.3 Primordial Nucleosynthesis 34312.4 Thermonuclear Reaction Rates 35112.5 Stellar Nucleosynthesis 35312.6 Solar Neutrino Problem 36612.7 Synthesis of Li, Be, and B 373Problems 375Bibliography 37613 Reactors and Accelerators 37913.1 Introduction 37913.2 Nuclear Reactors 38013.3 Neutron Sources 39113.4 Neutron Generators 39213.5 Accelerators 39313.6 Charged-Particle Beam Transport and Analysis 41013.7 Radioactive Ion Beams 41513.8 Nuclear Weapons 421Problems 425Bibliography 42714 The Transuranium Elements 42914.1 Introduction 42914.2 Limits of Stability 42914.3 Element Synthesis 43414.4 History of Transuranium Element Discovery 43714.5 Superheavy Elements 44914.6 Chemistry of the Transuranium Elements 45214.7 Environmental Chemistry of the Transuranium Elements 461Problems 468Bibliography 46915 Nuclear Reactor Chemistry 47315.1 Introduction 47315.2 Fission Product Chemistry 47515.3 Radiochemistry of Uranium 47815.4 The Nuclear Fuel Cycle: The Front End 48015.5 The Nuclear Fuel Cycle: The Back End 48815.6 Radioactive Waste Disposal 49315.7 Chemistry of Operating Reactors 504Problems 506Bibliography 50716 Interaction of Radiation with Matter 50916.1 Introduction 50916.2 Heavy Charged Particles 51216.3 Electrons 52616.4 Electromagnetic Radiation 53116.5 Neutrons 54016.6 Radiation Exposure and Dosimetry 544Problems 548Bibliography 55017 Radiation Detectors 55317.1 Introduction 55317.2 Detectors Based on Collecting Ionization 55617.3 Scintillation Detectors 57817.4 Nuclear Track Detectors 58417.5 Neutron Detectors 58517.6 Nuclear Electronics and Data Collection 58717.7 Nuclear Statistics 589Problems 599Bibliography 60018 Nuclear Analytical Methods 60318.1 Introduction 60318.2 Activation Analysis 60318.3 PIXE 61218.4 Rutherford Backscattering 61518.5 Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) 61918.6 Other Mass Spectrometric Techniques 620Problems 621Bibliography 62319 Radiochemical Techniques 62519.1 Introduction 62519.2 Unique Aspects of Radiochemistry 62619.3 Availability of Radioactive Material 63019.4 Targetry 63219.5 Measuring Beam Intensity and Fluxes 63719.6 Recoils, Evaporation Residues, and Heavy Residues 63919.7 Radiochemical Separation Techniques 64419.8 Low-Level Measurement Techniques 653Problems 659Bibliography 66020 Nuclear Forensics 66320.1 Introduction 66320.2 Chronometry 67020.3 Nuclear Weapons and Their Debris 67220.4 Deducing Sources and Routes of Transmission 678Problems 680Bibliography 681Appendix A: Fundamental Constants and Conversion Factors 683Appendix B: Nuclear Wallet Cards 687Appendix C: Periodic Table of the Elements 711Appendix D: Alphabetical List of the Elements 713Appendix E: Elements of Quantum Mechanics 715Index 737
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Autoren-Porträt von Loveland, Morrissey, Seaborg
WALTER D. LOVELAND, PhD, is a professor of chemistry at Oregon State University, USA.DAVID J. MORRISSEY, PhD, is a professor of chemistry and associate director of the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory at Michigan State University, USA.GLENN T. SEABORG, PhD (deceased), was a professor of chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley, and cofounder and chairman of the Lawrence Hall of Science, USA. He is credited with discovering 10 new elements, including plutonium and one that now bears his name, seaborgium. In 1951, Dr. Seaborg and his colleague, Edwin McMillan, were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for research into transuranium elements.
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