OCP Oracle Certified Professional Java SE 11 Programmer II Study Guide

Warnings with @SuppressWarnings 86 Protecting Arguments with @SafeVarargs 88 Reviewing Common Annotations 89 Summary 91 Exam Essentials 92 Review Questions 94 Chapter 3 Generics and Collections 105 Using Method References 107 Calling Static Methods 108 Calling Instance Methods on a Particular Object 109 Calling Instance Methods on a Parameter 109 Calling Constructors 110 Reviewing Method References 110 Using Wrapper Classes 111 Using the Diamond Operator 113 Using Lists, Sets, Maps, and Queues 114 Common Collections Methods 115 Using the List Interface 119 Using the Set Interface 124 Using the Queue Interface 126 Using the Map Interface 128 Comparing Collection Types 135 Sorting Data 137 Creating a Comparable Class 137 Comparing Data with a Comparator 141 Comparing Comparable and Comparator 142 Comparing Multiple Fields 143 Sorting and Searching 145 Working with Generics 147 Generic Classes 148 Generic Interfaces 151 Raw Types 152 Generic Methods 153 Bounding Generic Types 154 Putting It All Together 159 Summary 161 Exam Essentials 163 Review Questions 164 Chapter 4 Functional Programming 175 Working with Built-in Functional Interfaces 176 Implementing Supplier 178 Implementing Consumer and BiConsumer 179 Implementing Predicate and BiPredicate 180 Implementing Function and BiFunction 181 Implementing UnaryOperator and BinaryOperator 183 Checking Functional Interfaces 184 Convenience Methods on Functional Interfaces 185 Returning an Optional 187 Creating an Optional 188 Dealing with an Empty Optional 189 Using Streams 191 Understanding the Pipeline Flow 191 Creating Stream Sources 194 Using Common Terminal Operations 197 Using Common Intermediate Operations 204 Putting Together the Pipeline 209 Working with Primitive Streams 213 Creating Primitive Streams 214 Mapping Streams 217 Using Optional l with Primitive Streams 219 Summarizing Statistics 220 Learning the Functional Interfaces for Primitives 221 Working with Advanced Stream Pipeline Concepts 224 Linking Streams to the Underlying Data 224 Chaining Optionals 224 Collecting Results 227 Summary 234 Exam Essentials 236 Review Questions 238 Chapter 5 Exceptions, Assertions, and Localization 247 Reviewing Exceptions 248 Handling Exceptions 248 Distinguishing between throw and throws 250 Examining Exception Categories 250 Inheriting Exception Classes 252 Creating Custom Exceptions 253 Declaring Exception Classes 253 Adding Custom Constructors 253 Printing Stack Traces 255 Automating Resource Management 256 Constructing Try-With-Resources Statements 256 Learning the New Effectively Final Feature 259 Understanding Suppressed Exceptions 261 Declaring Assertions 264 Validating Data with the assert Statement 264 Enabling Assertions 266 Disabling Assertions 267 Applying Assertions 267 Writing Assertions Correctly 268 Working with Dates and Times 268 Creating Dates and Times 269 Formatting Dates and Times 271 Supporting Internationalization and Localization 276 Picking a Locale 276 Localizing Numbers 279 Localizing Dates 283 Specifying a Locale Category 284 Loading Properties with Resource Bundles 285 Creating a Resource Bundle 286 Picking a Resource Bundle 288 Selecting Resource Bundle Values 289 Formatting Messages 291 Using the Properties Class 292 Summary 293 Exam Essentials 294 Review Questions 295 Chapter 6 Modular Applications 309 Reviewing Module Directives 310 Comparing Types of Modules 311 Named Modules 311 Automatic Modules 312 Unnamed Modules 315 Comparing Module Types 315 Analyzing JDK Dependencies 316 Identifying Built-in Modules 316 Using jdeps 318 Migrating an Application 321 Determining the Order 321 Exploring a Bottom-Up Migration Strategy 322 Exploring a Top-Down Migration Strategy 324 Splitting a Big Project into Modules 325 Failing to Compile with a Cyclic Dependency 326 Creating a Service 328 Declaring the Service Provider Interface 329 Creating a Service Locator 330 Invoking from a Consumer 332 Adding a Service Provider 333 Merging Service Locator and Consumer 334 Reviewing Services 337 Summary 337 Exam Essentials 338 Review Questions 339 Chapter 7 Concurrency 345 Introducing Threads 347 Distinguishing Thread Types 348 Understanding Thread Concurrency 348 Defining a Task with Runnable 349 Creating a Thread 351 Polling with Sleep 353 Creating Threads with the Concurrency API 355 Introducing the Single-Thread Executor 355 Shutting Down a Thread Executor 356 Submitting Tasks 357 Waiting for Results 358 Submitting Task Collections 362 Scheduling Tasks 363 Increasing Concurrency with Pools 366 Writing Thread-Safe Code 367 Understanding Thread-Safety 367 Protecting Data with Atomic Classes 369 Improving Access with Synchronized Blocks 371 Synchronizing on Methods 373 Understanding the Lock Framework 375 Orchestrating Tasks with a CyclicBarrier 379 Using Concurrent Collections 382 Understanding Memory Consistency Errors 383 Working with Concurrent Classes 383 Obtaining Synchronized Collections 388 Identifying Threading Problems 389 Understanding Liveness 390 Managing Race Conditions 393 Working with Parallel Streams 394 Creating Parallel Streams 395 Performing a Parallel Decomposition 396 Processing Parallel Reductions 398 Avoiding Stateful Operations 403 Summary 404 Exam Essentials 405 Review Questions 406 Chapter 8 I/O 419 Understanding Files and Directories 420 Conceptualizing the File System 420 Storing Data as Bytes 422 Introducing the File Class 422 Introducing I/O Streams 426 Understanding I/O Stream Fundamentals 426 Learning I/O Stream Nomenclature 427 Common I/O Stream Operations 433 Reading and Writing Data 433 Closing the Stream 435 Manipulating Input Streams 436 Flushing Output Streams 438 Reviewing Common I/O Stream Methods 439 Working with I/O Stream Classes 440 Reading and Writing Binary Data 440 Buffering Binary Data 441 Reading and Writing Character Data 443 Buffering Character Data 444 Serializing Data 445 Printing Data 452 Review of Stream Classes 457 Interacting with Users 458 Printing Data to the User 459 Reading Input as a Stream 460 Closing System Streams 460 Acquiring Input with Console 461 Summary 464 Exam Essentials 464 Review Questions 466 Chapter 9 NIO.2 475 Introducing NIO.2 476 Introducing Path 477 Creating Paths 478 Understanding Common NIO.2 Features 483 Interacting with Paths 486 Viewing the Path with toString(), getNameCount(), and getName() 486 Creating a New Path with subpath() 487 Accessing Path Elements with getFileName(), getParent(), and getRoot() 488 Checking Path Type with isAbsolute() and toAbsolutePath() 490 Joining Paths with resolve() 491 Deriving a Path with relativize() 491 Cleaning Up a Path with normalize() 493 Retrieving the File System Path with toRealPath() 493 Reviewing Path Methods 494 Operating on Files and Directories 495 Checking for Existence with exists() 495 Testing Uniqueness with isSameFile() 496 Making Directories with createDirectory() and createDirectories() 497 Copying Files with copy() 498 Moving or Renaming Paths with move() 500 Deleting a File with delete() and deleteIfExists() 500 Reading and Writing Data with newBufferedReader() and newBufferedWriter() 501 Reading a File with readAllLines() 502 Reviewing Files Methods 502 Managing File Attributes 503 Discovering File Attributes 503 Improving Attribute Access 506 Applying Functional Programming 508 Listing Directory Contents 508 Traversing a Directory Tree 510 Searching a Directory with find() 514 Reading a File with lines() 515 Comparing Legacy java.io.File and NIO.2 Methods 517 Summary 518 Exam Essentials 518 Review Questions 520 Chapter 10 JDBC 529 Introducing Relational Databases and SQL 530 Identifying the Structure of a Relational Database 532 Writing Basic SQL Statements 533 Introducing the Interfaces of JDBC 535 Connecting to a Database 537 Building a JDBC URL 537 Getting a Database Connection 539 Working with a PreparedStatement 542 Obtaining a PreparedStatement 543 Executing a PreparedStatement 543 Working with Parameters 546 Updating Multiple Times 549 Getting Data from a ResultSet 551 Reading a ResultSet 551 Getting Data for a Column 555 Using Bind Variables 556 Calling a CallableStatement 557 Calling a Procedure without Parameters 558 Passing an IN Parameter 559 Returning an OUT Parameter 559 Working with an INOUT Parameter 560 Comparing Callable Statement Parameters 560 Closing Database Resources 561 Summary 564 Exam Essentials 564 Review Questions 566 Chapter 11 Security 575 Designing a Secure Object 576 Limiting Accessibility 576 Restricting Extensibility 577 Creating Immutable Objects 578 Cloning Objects 581 Introducing Injection and Input Validation 583 Preventing Injection with a PreparedStatement 583 Invalidating Invalid Input with Validation 586 Working with Confidential Information 588 Guarding Sensitive Data from Output 589 Protecting Data in Memory 589 Limiting File Access 590 Serializing and Deserializing Objects 591 Specifying Which Fields to Serialize 591 Customizing the Serialization Process 592 Pre/Post-Serialization Processing 593 Reviewing Serialization Methods 596 Constructing Sensitive Objects 597 Making Methods final 598 Making Classes final 598 Making the Constructor private 599 Preventing Denial of Service Attacks 600 Leaking Resources 600 Reading Very Large Resources 600 Including Potentially Large Resources 601 Overflowing Numbers 601 Wasting Data Structures 602 Summary 603 Exam Essentials 604 Review Questions 605 Appendices 611 Appendix A The Upgrade Exam 611 Working with Local Variable Type Inference 612 Type Inference of var 613 Examples with var 614 Review of var Rules 617 Introducing Modules 617 Exploring a Module 618 Benefits of Modules 619 Creating and Running a Modular Program 621 Creating the Files 622 Compiling Our First Module 623 Running Our First Module 625 Packaging Our First Module 627 Updating Our Example for Multiple Modules 628 Updating the Feeding Module 628 Creating a Care Module 629 Creating the Talks Module 631 Creating the Staff Module 634 Diving into the module-info File 635 exports 635 requires transitive 636 provides, uses, and opens 639 Discovering Modules 639 The java Command 639 The jar Command 643 The jdeps Command 643 The jmod Command 645 Reviewing Command-Line Options 645 Summary 648 Exam Essentials 649 Review Questions 650 Appendix B Answers to Review Questions 657 Chapter 1: Java Fundamentals 658 Chapter 2: Annotations 662 Chapter 3: Generics and Collections 665 Chapter 4: Functional Programming 669 Chapter 5: Exceptions, Assertions, and Localization 672 Chapter 6: Modular Applications 676 Chapter 7: Concurrency 678 Chapter 8: I/O 682 Chapter 9: NIO.2 685 Chapter 10: JDBC 689 Chapter 11: Security 691 Appendix A: The Upgrade Exam 693 Index 697