Phloem

Part 1 : Investigating phloem anatomy.- Optimal preparation of tissue sections for light-microscopic analysis of phloem anatomy.- Transmission electron microscopy of the phloem with minimal artifacts.- Scanning electron microscopy of the phloem.- Non-invasive investigation of phloem structure by 3D synchrotron X-ray microtomography.- Quantification of leaf phloem anatomical features with microscopy.- Methods of phloem visualization - a clear future in sight?.- Part 2 : Visualizing phloem proteins.- Super-resolution microscopy of phloem proteins.- Live-cell imaging of fluorescently-tagged phloem proteins with confocal microscopy.- Immunohistochemical localization of proteins in the phloem: problems and solutions.- Part 3 : Sampling phloem sap.- SStudying phloem loading with EDTA-facilitated phloem exudate collection and analysis.- Measurement of inner bark and leaf osmolality.- Using 13C to quantify phloem transport on tall plants in the field .- Non-invasive determination of phloem transport speed with carbon-14 (14C).- Detecting rapid changes in carbon transport and partitioning with  carbon-11 (11C).- In vivo veritas:  radiotracers in studies of phloem transport of carbohydrate.- Measuring phloem transport velocity in Arabidopsis seedlings using the 

fluorescent coumarin glucoside, esculin.- Measuring phloem transport velocity on a tissue-level using a phloem-mobile dye.- Part 4 : Investigating mechanism and quantities of phloem loading and unloading.- Quantification of symplasmic phloem loading capacity with live-cell microscopy.- Assessing Long-distance Carbon Partitioning from Photosynthetic Source Leaves to Heterotrophic Sink Organs with Photoassismilated [14C]CO2.- Measurement of subcellular metabolite concentrations in relation to phloem loading.- Measuring sucrose transporter activity using a protoplast esculin assay.- The AtSUC2 promoter: A powerful tool