The Neuroendocrine Leydig Cells and their Stem Cell Progenitors, the Pericytes
(Sprache: Englisch)
The discovery of the neuroendocrine features of Leydig cells gave rise to the hypothesis of a potential neuroectodermal and/or neural crest origin of testicular Leydig cells. In an experimental animal model the authors revealed that adult Leydig cells...
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The discovery of the neuroendocrine features of Leydig cells gave rise to the hypothesis of a potential neuroectodermal and/or neural crest origin of testicular Leydig cells. In an experimental animal model the authors revealed that adult Leydig cells originate by transdifferentiation from stem/progenitor cells (pericytes and smooth muscle cells), underlying the close relationship of Leydig cells with testis microvasculature. This and the supporting data from the literature provided the basis for revealing the pericytes as a common adult stem cell type of mammalian species. Distributed by the microvasculature through the entire body, the pericyte, acting as a resting early pluripotent adult stem cell, provides an ingenious system to assure the maintenance, physiological repair and regeneration of organs, each under the influence of specific local environmental factors.
Klappentext zu „The Neuroendocrine Leydig Cells and their Stem Cell Progenitors, the Pericytes “
cells, and the testicular localization of the intermediate filament protein nestin, known to be expressed in neural stem cells, by our group was the first step to define mural cells (pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells) of the testis microvascu- ture as the stem/progenitor cells of the adult Leydig cells. In summary, we were able to demonstrate specific proliferation of vascular progenitors and their subsequent transdifferentiation into steroidogenic Leydig cells, which - in addition - rapidly acquire neuronal and glial properties. Since both newly developed fetal and adult Leydig cell populations show the same features, a common origin of both popu- tions seems likely. Pericytes are distributed throughout the body, and there is convincing evidence for their stem/progenitor cell properties in diverse organs. Under appropriate (locally defined) conditions these pericytes, which reside in the vascular stem cell niche as dormant stem cells, become activated, proliferate, migrate and differentiate towards different somatic cell types of the body. Since most mesenchymal stem/ progenitor cell types exhibit essential similarity to pericytes and certain mesenchymal stem cells represent pericyte descendants, we propose that mesenchymal stem cells in the perivascular niche are daughter cells of pericytes. Thus, pericytes are promising candidates for ancestor cells of all adult stem cells in the organism. There is strong evidence that early stem cells (cells arising during embryogenesis), such as the pericytes, exhibit both mesodermal and neural progeny, which might explain the neuroendocrine properties of the Leydig cells.
Inhaltsverzeichnis zu „The Neuroendocrine Leydig Cells and their Stem Cell Progenitors, the Pericytes “
- Introduction- History of and recent progress in Leydig cell research
- Morphology of the Leydig cells
- Leydig cells represent a heterogeneous cell population
- The well known endocrine function of the Leydig cells
- The neuroendocrine properties of the Leydig cells
- Development of the testis
- Development of the neuroendocrine Leydig cells
- Fetal and adult Leydig cells are of common origin
- Concluding remarks
- Summary
- References
- Subject Index
Bibliographische Angaben
- Autoren: Michail S. Davidoff , Ralf Middendorff , D. Müller
- 2009, X, 154 Seiten, 2 farbige Abbildungen, Maße: 15,5 x 23,5 cm, Kartoniert (TB), Englisch
- Verlag: Springer, Berlin
- ISBN-10: 3642005128
- ISBN-13: 9783642005121
Sprache:
Englisch
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