Traces of Modernism

The Individual and the New Man. An Introduction Monica Cioli, Maurizio Ricciardi, Pierangelo Schiera The "traces" of modernism that we will discuss here are not limited to the artistic, literary, or philosophical movements that developed from the end of the 1800s to the Second World War. Although these too are significant and worthy of consideration, we believe that the category of modernism can also be used in a more general sense, above all to designate a new cultural climate that, while finding particular expression in the above-mentioned movements, also had a political sphere of reference, in both an ideological and an institutional sense. Thus our discourse regards the uses that the concept of the "modern" had in the turbulent passage from modernity to modernization, which saw major changes in the West in the fields of economy, society and politics-during and after the age of transition that Reinhart Koselleck had called the Sattelzeit. Everything was then translated into the full-blown superiority of the culture and civilization attained and produced by cultured and civilized states-which Karl Lamprecht and others, recording the "künstlerischer Charakter der Zeit", called Kulturstaaten. This historical-universal vision would be counterbalanced by Oswald Spengler's formidable proposal of the decline of the West. Our aim when talking of traces of modernism is not to propose a new and different periodization through which to read the motives and the structures of political modernity or of art at the time. We are not talking about modernism as an "epoch" that was different to or succeeded the modern age (Neuzeit) or the modern. Likewise, Christof Dipper, using the category of the modern to describe the dominant models of order that started to take root in the second half of the 1800s, claims that he is not proposing a new name for what is otherwise called contemporary history. We argue that modernism doesn't simply emerge through the ways in which consolidated

Contents The Individual and the New Man. An Introduction7 Monica Cioli, Maurizio Ricciardi, Pierangelo Schiera I. From Modernity to Internationalism The Great European Crisis between Modernity and Modernism21 Pierangelo Schiera French Artists at the Art Gallery "Der Sturm". Herwarth Walden and German Nationalism during the 1910s37 Sophie Goetzmann Splav Meduze (The Raft of the Medusa) by Karpo Godina. Traces of the Avant-Garde More than Half a Century Later49 Andrea Meyer-Fraatz Charade of Democracy. From the Crisis of Individual to a Modernist Civilization65 Roberta Ferrari II. Human Engineering The Many Lives of the New Man, 1914-194589 Éric Michaud The Discipline of Freedom. High Modernism and the Crisis of Liberalism107 Maurizio Ricciardi From Utopian Designs for the New Order to the Ideology of Reconciliation and Stalinist Humanism129 Eckhart J. Gillen Between Futurism and Anthropophagy. Transculturation and Postcolonialism143 Francescomaria Tedesco III. Machine and Order Machines, War, Mechanical Art, and the City. The Influence of Futurism on the French Avant-Gardes and their Aesthetics157 Fabio Benzi At the Origins of Technopolitics. The European Avant-gardes before and after the First World War175 Monica Cioli Kazimir Malevich's Visit to the Staatliches Bauhaus (Dessau) in 1927. Reconstruction (of the Failure) of an East-West Modernist Encounter195 Anja Schloßberger-Oberhammer When Socialism was Modern. Gramsci, Stalin and the Post-war Era as "Passive Revolution"205 Silvio Pons Authors219

Monica Cioli war Fellow des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom und hat an der Universität Trient gelehrt. Maurizio Ricciardi ist Professor an der Universität Bologna. Pierangelo Schiera ist Emeritus an der Universität Trient.

»Dieser (...) Band ist verstörend. Die Kategorie des 'Modernismus' überwölbt Kunst und Politik und verweist auf eine Krise im Inneren der Modernität: auf das in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts von einer raschen Modernisierung, von der Massenpolitik und von den Erwartungen, mit denen Wissenschaft und Technik überschüttet werden, beschleunigte Zerbrechen des bürgerlich-liberalen Subjekts.« Il Manifesto, 12.07.2019