Understanding Kidney Diseases

1. Kidney Anatomy and Physiology.- 2. Measuring Kidney Function.- 3. Plot All the Dots.- 4. How Are You Feeling?.- 5. Do You Have Any Long-Term Health Conditions?.- 6. Are You Pregnant or Planning a Pregnancy?.- 7. What Is Your Family History?.- 8. What Have You Been Taking?.- 9. Height and Weight.- 10. Blood Pressure.- 11. Test the Urine.- 12. Examine the Patient.- 13. Full Blood Count, Urea and Electrolytes, Bicarbonate, Bone Profile.- 14. Immunology.- 15. Image the Urinary Tract.- 16. Should We Do A Kidney Biopsy?.- 17. Make a Plan.- 18. Renal Replacement Therapy.- 19. Kidney Disease in Children .- 20. Interpreting Acid-base Abnormalities .- 21. Kidney Disease in Pregnancy and Neonatals .- 22. USS Abnormalities .- 23. UTI and Nephrotic Syndrome .- 24. Epilogue.

Dr Hugh C. Rayner gained a first-class degree in physiology at Cambridge University before qualifying with honours at the London Hospital Medical College in 1981. He was awarded an MD from the University of Leicester for studies on experimental models of kidney disease. After a number of training posts, including a year as clinical fellow in Melbourne Australia, he was appointed as a consultant in renal and general medicine in Birmingham in 1993, teaching renal medicine to undergraduates and trainee doctors.

As part of his studies for the Diploma in Medical Education from Dundee University in 1996, he presented a dissertation on the interpretation of serum creatinine and published a consensus curriculum for undergraduate renal medicine [1]. He retired from clinical nephrology practice in December 2019.

Dr Mark E. Thomas studied Biological Sciences and Medicine as an undergraduate at Kings College London and Westminster Medical School. After postgraduate training he was a Research Fellow at Washington University Medical School in St Louis, USA for three years, studying models of proteinuric renal disease. This interest continued during Senior Registrar training in Leicester. He has been a Consultant Nephrologist and Physician in Birmingham since 1998.




He has had a clinical research interest in acute kidney injury (AKI) for some years, including earlier detection and intervention in AKI. He is chief investigator for the Acute Kidney Outreach to Reduce Deterioration and Death (AKORDD) study, a large pilot study of AKI outreach. He has chaired clinical guideline development groups for AKI, anaemia management in CKD and End of life care for the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE).









Dr David V. Milford commenced basic paediatric training in 1983 and higher paediatric training at Sheffield Children's Hospital in 1986. He