Biocatalysts and Enzyme Technology (PDF)

Preface 1 Introduction to Enzyme Technology. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Goals and Potential of Biotechnological Production Processes. 1.3 Historical Highlights of Enzyme Technology/Applied Biocatalysis. 1.4 Biotechnological Processes: The Use of Isolated or Intracellular Enzymes as Biocatalysts. 1.5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Enzyme-Based Production Processes. 1.6 Goals, and Essential System Properties for New or Improved Enzyme Processes. 1.7 Exercises. 2 Basics of Enzymes as Biocatalysts. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Enzyme Classification. 2.3 Enzyme Synthesis and Structure. 2.4 Enzyme Function and its General Mechanism. 2.5 Free Energy Changes and the Specificity of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions. 2.6 Equilibrium- and Kinetically Controlled Reactions Catalyzed by Enzymes. 2.7 Kinetics of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions. 2.8 End-points of Enzyme Processes and Amount of Enzyme Required to Reach the Endpoint in a Given Time. 2.9 Enzyme-catalyzed Processes with Slightly Soluble Products and Substrates. 2.10 Stability, Denaturation, and Renaturation of Enzymes. 2.11 Better Enzymes by Natural Evolution, in vitro Evolution, or Rational Enzyme Engineering. 2.12 Exercises. 3 Enzymes in Organic Chemistry. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Examples. 3.3 Exercises. 4 Enzyme Production and Purification. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Enzyme Sources. 4.3 Improving Enzyme Yield. 4.4 Increasing the Yield of Periplasmic and Extracellular Enzymes. 4.5 Downstream Processing of Enzymes. 4.6 Exercises. 5 Application of Enzymes in Solution: Soluble Enzymes and Enzyme Systems. 5.1 Introduction and Areas of Application. 5.2 Space-Time-Yield and Productivity. 5.3 Examples for the Application of Enzymes in Solution. 5.4 Membrane Systems and Processes. 5.5 Exercises. 6 Immobilization of Enzymes (Including Applications). 6.1 Principles. 6.2 Carriers. 6.3 Binding Methods. 6.4 Examples: Application of Immobilized Enzymes. 6.5 Exercises. 7 Immobilization of Microorganisms and Cells. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Immobilization by

Born in 1941, Klaus Buchholz studied chemistry at the universities of Saarbrücken und Heidelberg, graduating in 1967. In 1969 he received his PhD from the TU Munich, after which he worked as a researcher at Dechema e.V. in Frankfurt/Main until 1982. In 1981 he qualified as a professor at the TU Braunschweig, where he then became department head at the Institute for Agricultural Technology and Sugar Industry. From 1988 onwards he was the provisional Head of the Institute, before becoming Professor for Technology of Carbohydrates at the Institute for Technical Chemistry in 1991. His main research areas include biocatalysts, enzymatic processes for the modification and synthesis of saccharides, environmental biotechnology, flow bed reactors with immobilized biocatalysts, and the synthesis of saccharide polymers.

Volker Kasche, born in 1939, studied chemistry, mathematics, and physics at the University of Uppsala, Sweden, receiving his degree in 1964. This was followed by a year as a NATO research fellow at Brandeis University, USA. He received his doctorate from the University of Uppsala in 1971, and in 1973 became Professor for Physical Biology at the University of Bremen, Germany. He has been Professor for Biotechnology at the TU Hamburg-Harburg, Germany, since 1986, focusing his research on fundamentals of equilibrium and kinetically controlled reactions catalyzed by free and immobilized hydrolases, the production, post-translational processing and purification of penicillin amidases and serine peptidases by affinity chromatography, as well as fundamentals of mass transfer in chromatography and enzyme technology.

Born in 1964, Uwe Bornscheuer studied chemistry at the University of Hanover, Germany, where he graduated in 1990. After receiving his PhD in 1993 from the Institute of Technical Chemistry at the same university, he spent a postdoctoral year at the University of Nagoya, Japan. He then joined the Institute of Technical Biochemistry, University of

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