Medical Statistics at a Glance

Preface Learning objectives Handling data 1 Types of data 2 Data entry 3 Error checking and outliers 4 Displaying data diagrammatically 5 Describing data: the 'average' 6 Describing data: the 'spread' 7 Theoretical distributions: the Normal distribution 8 Theoretical distributions: other distributions 9 Transformations Sampling and estimation 10 Sampling and sampling distributions 11 Confidence intervals Study design 12 Study design I 13 Study design II 14 Clinical trials 15 Cohort studies 16 Case-control studies Hypothesis testing 17 Hypothesis testing 18 Errors in hypothesis testing Basic techniques for analysing data Numerical data 19 Numerical data: a single group 20 Numerical data: two related groups 21 Numerical data: two unrelated groups 22 Numerical data: more than two groups Categorical data 23 Categorical data: a single proportion 24 Categorical data: two proportions 25 Categorical data: more than two categories Regression and correlation 26 Correlation 27 The theory of linear regression 28 Performing a linear regression analysis 29 Multiple linear regression 30 Binary outcomes and logistic regression 31 Rates and Poisson regression 32 Generalized linear models 33 Explanatory variables in statistical models Important considerations 34 Bias and confounding 35 Checking assumptions 36 Sample size calculations 37 Presenting results Additional chapters 38 Diagnostic tools 39 Assessing agreement 40 Evidence-based medicine 41 Methods for clustered data 42 Regression methods for clustered data 43 Systematic reviews and meta-analysis 44 Survival analysis 45 Bayesian methods 46 Developing prognostic scores Appendices A Statistical tables B Altman's nomogram for sample size calculations C Typical computer output D EQUATOR network checklists and critical appraisal templates E Glossary of terms F Chapter numbers with relevant multiple-choice questions and structured questions from Medical Statistics at a Glance Workbook Index

Aviva Petrie is Honorary Associate Professor, Biostatistics Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK.

Caroline Sabin is Professor of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK.